钾石盐溶浸开采溶解实验研究  

Experimental study on solution of sylvinite leaching mining

作　　者：刘琦 冯振华 管川[1] 王凡 LIU Qi;FENG Zhenhua;GUAN Chuan;WANG Fan(Sichuan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources Chengdu Analytical&Testing Center for Mineral and Rocks,Chengdu Sichuan 610081,China;School of Materials and Chemistry&Chemical Engineering,Chengdu University of Technology,Chengdu Sichuan 610059,China;Geological and Mineral Exploration Institute,Sinochem Geological and Mining Bureau,Zhuozhou Hebei 072754,China)

机构地区：[1]四川省地质矿产勘查开发局成都综合岩矿测试中心,四川成都610081 [2]成都理工大学材料与化学化工学院,四川成都610059 [3]中化地质矿山总局地质矿产勘察院,河北涿州072754

出　　处：《化工矿物与加工》2019年第11期19-23,共5页Industrial Minerals & Processing

基　　金：中国地质调查局钾盐资源调查评价计划项目（No.1212011220790）

摘　　要：为缓解我国钾资源供应不足,有效利用深部低品位钾资源,选择性溶采是唯一技术可行的开采方式。以某地钾盐矿为原料,对钾盐矿组分和粒度分布进行分析,结果表明:钾盐矿物的主要成分为NaCl、KCl,另含有少量的Mg^2+、Ca^2+及水不溶物,矿物中的氯化钠晶粒大于氯化钾晶粒。常压条件下的水和NaCl的溶解实验结果表明:液相中钾的质量浓度随温度的升高而增大,在质量分数为13%的NaCl溶液中钾的质量浓度可达95g/L;与同等条件下水溶实验结果相比,钾盐矿石在NaCl溶液中钾的平衡浓度有所降低,说明NaCl溶液作为溶浸剂对钾石盐中KCl的溶解具有一定的抑制作用,但同时液相中钠的质量浓度变化不大,即固相矿石中NaCl的浸出率明显降低,可通过配制一定质量分数的NaCl溶液作为溶浸剂,减少地下深部钾石盐中NaCl的溶出,保障溶浸通道畅通,达到选择性溶采钾的目的。原矿和浸出渣的SEM图谱分析结果表明,在一定的浸出条件下,原矿中KCl溶解率高于NaCl,即KCl优先溶解。In order to alleviate the shortage of potassium resources in China,selective solution mining is the only technically feasible way to effectively utilize low-grade deep potassium resources.With the potassium ore in a certain area as raw material,the composition and particle size distribution of potassium ore were analyzed.The results showed that the main components of potassium minerals are NaCl and KCl,containing a small amount of Mg^2+,Ca^2+and water-insoluble substances.The crystal of sodium chloride in the mineral is larger than that of potassium chloride.The solution experiment results of water and NaCl solution undernormal pressure showed that the mass concentration of potassium in the liquid phase increases with the rise of temperature.The mass concentration of potassium in 13%NaCl solution can reach 95 g/L.Compared with the experimental results of water dissolution under the same conditions,the equilibrium concentration of potassium in potassium ore in NaCl solution decreases,indicating that NaCl solution as leaching agent has a certain inhibitory effect on the dissolution of KCl in sylvinite.But at the same time,the mass concentration of sodium in the liquid phase does not change much,that is,the leaching rate of NaCl in the solid phase ore is significantly reduced.NaCl solution with a certain mass fraction can be formulated as leaching agent to reduce the dissolution of NaCl in the deep underground sylvinite,so as to ensure the unimpeded dissolution channel and achieve the purpose of selective solution and extraction of potassium.SEM Atlas analysis results of raw ore and leached slag showed that under certain leaching conditions,the solution rate of KCl in raw ore is higher than NaCl,that is,KCl preferred dissolution.

关 键 词：钾石盐 溶浸开采 溶解实验 盐析作用 SEM图谱分析 溶浸剂 低品位钾矿 

分 类 号：TD871[矿业工程—非金属矿开采]