不同年代水稻品种主要农艺性状的表型评价  

Phenotypic Evaluation of Main Agronomic Traits in Rice Varieties That Were Released Over the Past Few Decades

作　　者：周健[1,2] 崔迪 赵洙敏[3] 孙建昌 黎毛毛[5] 马小定[2] 王先俱[6] 李相奎 赵埈贤 朴东洙 郭晓红 韩龙植[2] ZHOU Jian;CUI Di;JO Sumin;SUN Jian-chang;LI Mao-mao;MA Xiao-ding;WANG Xian-ju;LIXiang-kui;CHO Jun-hyoen;PARK Dong-soo;GUO Xiao-hong;HAN Long-zhi(College of Agronomy,Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University,Daqing 163319;Institute of Crop Sciences,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081;Paddy crop research division,Department of Southern Area Crop Science,National Institute of Crop Science,Rural Development Administration,Milyang 627-803,Korea;Institute of Crop Research,Ningxia Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences,Yongning 750105;Rice Research Institute,Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanchang 330200;Rice Research Institute of Liaoning Province,Shenyang 110161;Rice Research Institute,Linyi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shandong Linyi 276012)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江八一农垦大学农学院,大庆163319 [2]中国农业科学院作物科学研究所,北京100081 [3]韩国农村振兴厅食粮科学院南部作物部,韩国密阳627-803 [4]宁夏回族自治区农林科学院农作物研究所,永宁750105 [5]江西省农业科学院水稻研究所,南昌330200 [6]辽宁省水稻研究所,沈阳110161 [7]临沂市农业科学院水稻研究所,山东临沂276012

出　　处：《植物遗传资源学报》2019年第6期1566-1578,共13页Journal of Plant Genetic Resources

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题(2016YFD0100301,2016YFD0100101);国际合作研究项目(PJ012113);国家科技支撑计划课题(2015BAD01B01-1);中国农业科学院科技创新工程项目;国家农作物种质资源保护项目(2017NWB036-01,2017NWB036-12-2);国家农作物种质资源平台(NICGR2017-001)~~

摘　　要：水稻对异地环境的生态适应性与水稻产量和广适性密切相关。为了明确不同环境下不同年代水稻品种主要农艺性状的表型及稳定性差异,本研究以284份来源于中国黑龙江、吉林、辽宁、宁夏、新疆等省(自治区)和日本的不同年代水稻品种为试验材料,通过在沈阳、北京、银川、临沂、南昌和三亚等6个鉴定点的异地环境鉴定,进行了不同年代水稻品种主要的7个农艺性状的表型评价与稳定性分析。结果表明,异地环境下不同年代水稻品种主要农艺性状总体上从纬度较高的沈阳到纬度较低的南昌,各性状的表型值明显趋于减小,然后在三亚冬季环境下各性状表型值又有增加;从年代Ⅰ品种(20世纪60年代以前)至年代Ⅳ品种(21世纪以后)水稻生育期延长、株高降低、穗数减少、穗粒数增加、结实率和千粒重变化不大,水稻性状的总体变化趋势是从多穗型向大穗重穗型发展。在异地环境下千粒重、穗长和穗数的表型值相对较稳定,其次为抽穗天数和株高,结实率和穗粒数的稳定性最差。不同年代品种抽穗天数的稳定性参数大小顺序为年代Ⅰ>年代Ⅱ>年代Ⅳ>年代Ⅲ,随着年代的进展,选育品种的生态适应性逐渐趋于增强。在异地环境下,辽粳931、辽粳454等20个品种表现为较强的生态适应性,这些材料可作为亲本材料利用于水稻育种。The ecological adaptability of rice varieties to the diverse environments is closely associated with the yield and local-adaptability.284 historic and modern rice varieties,which were collected from Heilongjiang,Jilin,Liaoning,Ningxia,Xinjiang of China and Japan,were deployed to clarify the phenotypic variations under multiple environmental conditions.Seven agronomic traits including days to heading,plant height,panicle length,panicles per plant,grains per panicle,seed setting rate and 1000-grain weight were determined at six identification sites(Shenyang,Beijing,Yinchuan,Linyi,Nanchang and Sanya).The phenotypic variations of these agronomic traits were visible at diverse locations.For instance,the phenotypic values were constantly decreased from Shenyang with higher latitude to Nanchang with lower latitude,but they were increased in Sanya winter environment.In relative to the varieties in years-I that were released before 1960,the modern cultivars in years-IV(released after 2000)showed the prolonged growth period,the reduction of plant height and panicle number,the elevation of grains per panicle,as well as no significant differences on seed setting rate and 1000-grain weight.Overall,the rice traits changed from multi-panicle type to large-panicle and heavy-panicle type.Under multiple environmental conditions,the phenotypic values of 1000-grain weight,panicle length and panicle number were relatively stable,followed by days to heading,plant height,seed setting rate and grains per panicle.The stability parameter of days to heading was observed to be significantly positively correlated with that of plant height,panicle length and panicle number.The stability parameter of days to heading in varieties released over decades was variable(years-Ⅰ>years-Ⅱ>years-Ⅳ>years-Ⅲ).An improved ecological adaptability was observed in the modern varieties,in contrast to the historical varieties that were released few decades ago.Twenty varieties(e.g.Liaojing 931,Liaojing 454)showed better local-adaptability under multiple e

关 键 词：水稻 品种 表型变异 亲缘关系 稳定性参数 

分 类 号：S51[农业科学—作物学]