不同改良措施对苏打盐渍土物理性质的影响  

Effects of different ameliorations on the physical properties of saline-sodic soil on the Songnen Plain

作　　者：杨洪涛[1,2] 安丰华 张璐[1,2] 赵丹丹 朱文东[1,2] 杨帆 王志春 YANG Hong-tao;AN Feng-hua;ZHANG Lu;ZHAO Dan-dan;ZHU Wen-dong;YANG Fan;WANG Zhi-chun(Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology,Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Changchun 130102,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所黑土区农业生态重点研究室,长春130102 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2019年第11期3416-3424,共9页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41571210,41771250,41701335);国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0501200);吉林省技术开发项目(20180201012SF);国家科技基础专项(2015FY110500)资助

摘　　要：苏打盐渍土因其交换性钠含量较高而具有极差的物理性质,而恶劣的土壤物理性质是苏打盐渍土逆境胁迫的重要因素。苏打盐渍土在所有盐渍土类型中属于改良与利用难度最大的土壤类型。目前,对于松嫩平原苏打盐渍土不同改良措施处理后的土壤水盐动态已有较清晰的认知,而苏打盐渍土经过多年改良后的土壤物理性质变化规律尚鲜见报道。因此,本研究将脱硫石膏、砂土、有机肥与大安站研制的改良剂脱碱一号等不同改良措施与种稻改良相结合,对改良多年后土壤物理性质的变化进行了研究。结果表明,不同理化改良措施均可显著影响苏打盐渍土的物理性质(P<0.05),如不同改良措施均可使土壤容重降低(0~40 cm)、土壤水分入渗速率显著增加(P<0.05)、土壤砂粒含量相对增加,而黏粒含量则相对减少。综合考虑各试验处理对土壤物理性质的影响,本研究认为脱碱一号对土壤物理性质的改善效果最好,其次为有机肥,而砂土对苏打盐渍土物理性质的改善效果最差。本研究结果可为松嫩平原苏打盐渍土的改良与利用提供基础数据支持。Soil salinity-sodicity is a major factor leading to tremendous yield losses in many arid and semi-arid regions around the world. It is well recognized that saline-sodic soil is the most difficult to ameliorate and utilize. Extreme physical properties of saline-sodic soils,in most cases,result in soil conditions unsuitable for crop growth. Amelioration of saline-sodic soils can be accomplished using various methods. The dynamics of water and salt movement have been well documented in literatures. However,changes of soil physical properties of saline-sodic soils after ameliorating for several years have rarely been evaluated. A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of five years amelioration by growing rice in conjunction with different physical/chemical materials,including desulfurization gypsum( GR),sand soil( SS),organic matter( OM),and an amendment( TJ,developed by Da’an sodic land experiment station),on the Songnen Plain,Northeast China. The results showed that physical properties of saline-sodic soil were significantly improved by the selected amelioration methods( P < 0.05). Soil clay particles were reduced significantly,while sand particles were significantly increased. Additionally,soil bulk density was significantly reduced and water infiltration rate was significantly increased. TJ showed the best effects in improving soil physical properties,then followed by OM. Furthermore,SS showed the lowest amelioration effects on soil physical properties. These findings would provide basic data support to saline-sodic soil management.

关 键 词：苏打盐渍土 改良措施 土壤物理性质 

分 类 号：S15[农业科学—土壤学]