新中国成立70年高等教育经费模式历史沿革与经验  

Historical Evolution and Experience of Higher Education Funding Model over the Seventy Years since the Founding of the People’s Republic of China

作　　者：郭秀云[1] 黄恒学[1] GUO Xiuyun;HUANG Hengxue(Peking University,Beijing 100871)

机构地区：[1]北京大学

出　　处：《现代教育管理》2019年第10期27-33,共7页Modern Education Management

摘　　要：高等教育是国家发展和社会进步的重要推动力量,新中国成立70年来,随着政治经济体制的不断改革完善,我国高等教育经费模式大致经历了四个发展阶段。在提供主体方面,逐步形成政府、市场与个人"三位一体"的多元化供给;在提供方式方面,逐渐转变为"基本支出+项目支出"的管理模式与"五项一体式"的资助机制;在提供路径方面,逐步转化为"预算包干+结余留用"的支出模式。通过历史脉络的梳理发现,我国高等教育经费模式存在多元化融资制度不健全、拨款机制不完善、学费与资助体系发展不平衡等问题,为加快实现我国高等教育"内涵式"发展提供现实借鉴。Higher education is an important driving force for national development and social progress. Over the 70 years since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, political and economic system has been constantly reforming and improving. Meanwhile, higher education funding model has experienced four stages of development in China. In terms of providing subject, the diversified supply of government, society and individual is gradually formed.In terms of providing way, it is gradually transformed into the budget management mode of"basic expenditure plus project expenditure"and the"five-integrated"funding mechanism. In terms of providing path, it is gradually transformed into the expenditure model of "budgetary contracting plus balance retaining", and in-depth implementation of"distribution service"to further improve the efficiency of resource allocation in universities.Through a comprehensive review of the historical evolution of tertiary education funding model, it is found that there are substantive problems such as imperfect diversified financing system, imperfect appropriation mechanism,unbalanced development of tuition fees and funding system. All provides practical references for accelerating the realization of the "connotative" development of higher education in China.

关 键 词：高等教育 经费模式 治理机制 历史沿革 

分 类 号：G647[文化科学—高等教育学]