进展中的原生动物学研究:热点领域与新格局  

Progress of protozoological studies in China: Hot spots and new patterns

作　　者：熊杰 陈建平[2] 陈晓光[3] 陈瑛[4] 冯耀宇 高凤[6] 高珊[6] 顾福康[7] 黄兵[8] 梁爱华[9] 龙红岸[6] 赖德华[10] 伦照荣[10] 缪炜[1] 倪兵[7] 邱子健[4] 邵晨[11] 汪建国[1] 文建凡[12] 徐奎栋[13] 余育和[1] 张龙现[14] 张西臣 赵元莙[16] 宋微波[6] XIONG Jie;CHEN JianPing;CHEN XiaoGuang;CHEN Ying;FENG YaoYu;GAO Feng;GAO Shan;GU FuKang;HUANG Bing;LIANG AiHua;LONG HongAn;LAI DeHua;LUN ZhaoRong;MIAO Wei;NI Bing;QIU ZiJian;SHAO Chen;WANG JianGuo;WEN JianFan;XU KuiDong;YU YuHe;ZHANG LongXian;ZHANG XiChen;ZHAO YuanJun;SONG WeiBo(Institute of Hydrobiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan 430072,China;West China School of Basic Medical Sciences&Forensic Medicine,Sichuan University,Chengdu 610041,China;School of Public Health,Southern Medical University,Guangzhou 510515,China;College of Life Science and Technology,Harbin Normal University,Harbin 150025,China;College of Veterinary Medicine,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,China;Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266003,China;School of Life Sciences,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200062,China;Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shanghai 200241,China;Institute of Biotechnology,Shanxi University,Taiyuan 030006,China;School of Life Sciences,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510275,China;School of Life Science and Technology,Xi’an Jiaotong University,Xi’an 710049,China;Kunming Institute of Zoology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Kunming 650223,China;Institute of Oceanology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Qingdao 266071,China;College of Animal Science and Veterinary Meidicine,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450002,China;College of Veterinary Medicine,Jilin University,Changchun 130062,China;Chongqing Key Laboratory of Animal Biology,College of Life Sciences,Chongqing Normal University,Chongqing 401331,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院水生生物研究所,武汉430072 [2]四川大学华西基础医学与法医学院,成都610041 [3]南方医科大学公共卫生学院,广州510515 [4]哈尔滨师范大学生命科学与技术学院,哈尔滨150025 [5]华南农业大学兽医学院,广州510642 [6]中国海洋大学海洋生物多样性与进化研究所,青岛266003 [7]华东师范大学生命科学学院,上海200062 [8]中国农业科学院上海兽医研究所,上海200241 [9]山西大学生物技术研究所,太原030006 [10]中山大学生命科学学院,广州510275 [11]西安交通大学生命科学与技术学院,西安710049 [12]中国科学院昆明动物研究所,昆明650223 [13]中国科学院海洋研究所,青岛266071 [14]河南农业大学牧医工程学院,郑州450002 [15]吉林大学动物医学学院,长春130062 [16]重庆师范大学生命科学学院,重庆市动物生物学重点实验室,重庆401331

出　　处：《中国科学：生命科学》2019年第10期1301-1322,共22页Scientia Sinica(Vitae)

摘　　要：原生动物是一大类动物性单细胞真核生物.其高度特化的细胞结构与生理特征,独具的进化地位以及与环境、资源、人类健康和动物疾病间的密切关系,特别是其兼具的"细胞"与"动物"这个二元性统一体特性,使得以原生动物为模式或对象的研究在以细胞学、遗传学、适应与进化为代表的基础生物学、环境生物学、人类的健康与疾病防治、水产养殖及畜牧业等应用学科均具有十分广泛的科学意义和重要的应用价值.半个多世纪以来,伴随着研究队伍的不断壮大和发展,我国的原生动物学研究从早期经典的分类学、寄生虫学、生态学,逐步拓展到今天全面、深入地涉足涵盖基础与应用生物学各学科分支领域.在最近的几十年中,我国聚焦在海洋纤毛虫的多样性与系统学、表观遗传学、细胞生物学、比较基因组学、以寄生原虫为核心的免疫生物学、病害生物学、以鞭毛虫为核心的进化生物学、以海淡水纤毛虫和阿米巴等为核心的原生动物生态学等方向并取得了全面和长足的进展,许多代表性成果处于该领域国际前沿水平.本文扼要陈述了我国原生动物学各主流团队近年来的工作进展,介绍了该领域当前的研究热点和前沿性科学问题,同时对相关领域未来的发展进行了前瞻性描绘和规划.Protozoa are animal-like unicellular eukaryotes. They are not only cells but also independent organisms, with highly specialized cellular structures, physiological traits and unique phylogenetic positions, as well as strong relationships with the environment, natural resources, and human and animal protozoan parasitic diseases. Because of these characteristics, protozoa have long been considered important models in fundamental biological studies, such as cell biology, genetics, evolution, and applied fields, i.e., environmental biology, protozoan parasitic diseases’ treatment and prevention, as well as agriculture. In the past 50 years, protozoological studies in China, which started from traditional taxonomy, parasitology and ecology, have gradually advanced to most subdisciplines of biology,with systematic and in-depth studies. We have been focusing on and making considerable progress in biodiversity and systematics,epigenetics, cell biology and comparative genomics of marine ciliates, immunology, epidemiology and pathology of parasitic protozoa, evolutionary biology of flagellates and apicalcomplexa, and ecology of ciliated and amoeboid protozoa, with some of the studies leading the research field. This review briefly describes the recent progress in major protozoology laboratories in China,introduces research hotspots and key questions, and provides future research plans.

关 键 词：原生动物学 研究进展 多样性与系统学 寄生原虫 遗传学 细胞生物学 进化生物学 生态学 

分 类 号：Q[生物学]