2013—2017年北京市怀柔区农村集中式供水中重点污染物筛选及对人体健康风险评价  

Screening and human health risk assessment of key pollutants in rural centralized water supply in Huairou District of Beijing from 2013-2017

作　　者：坑斌[1] 孙利文[2] 胡金凤 李宏刚[1] 李福军[1] 周红艳[1] KENG Bin;SUN Li-wen;HU Jin-fen;LI Hong-gan;LI Fu-jun;ZHOU Hong-yan(Department of Environmental Hygiene,Huairou Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing,101400,China;Office,Huairou Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing,101400,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市怀柔区疾病预防控制中心环境卫生科,北京101400 [2]北京市怀柔区疾病预防控制中心办公室,北京101400

出　　处：《职业与健康》2019年第19期2694-2697,共4页Occupation and Health

摘　　要：目的初步评价北京市怀柔区农村集中式供水中化学致癌污染物和非化学致癌污染物对人体健康的影响及筛选出重点污染物。方法选取2013-2017年北京市怀柔区农村地区集中式供水水井枯水期、丰水期各采集1次,应用环境健康风险评价模型对通过饮水途径所引起的健康风险进行评价。结果 5年各类监测分析指标均值未超过GB 5749-2006《生活饮用水卫生标准》的限值规定。化学致癌污染物造成的合计健康风险2015年最高,为2.78×10-5/年,个人年风险为镉>铬(六价)>砷,均低于国际辐射防护委员会(ICRP)推荐的最大可接受值(5.0×10-5/年)。非化学致癌污染物通过饮水途径所致个人健康年风险依次为铜>氟化物>硝酸盐>汞>锌>铁>锰>氨氮>氰化物>挥发酚,但仍应注意风险较高的铜、氟化物、硝酸盐,其合计引起的健康年风险占非化学致癌污染物总健康风险的95.21%。各类毒物个人健康年总风险以化学致癌物健康危害风险为主,占总风险范围99.89%~99.97%。结论北京市怀柔区农村集中式供水水质健康风险以化学性致癌污染物为主,应优先进行监测预警,非化学污染物中以铜、氟化物、硝酸盐氮为主,应适时开展监测并进行健康风险评价。Objective To evaluate the effects of chemical carcinogenic pollutants and non-chemical carcinogenic pollutants on human health in rural centralized water supply in Huairou District of Beijing, and screen key pollutants. Methods The centralized water supply wells in rural areas in Huairou District of Beijing from 2013-2017 were selected, and the samples were collected once during the dry and high water periods. The environmental health risk assessment model was applied to evaluate the health risks caused by drinking water pathways. Results In five years, the average value of various monitoring and analysis indicators did not exceed the limits in Hygienic Standard for Drinking Water(GB 5749-2006). Total health risk from chemically carcinogenic pollutants was the highest in 2015, which was 2.78 ×10-5/year. The annual personal risk was cadmium >chromium(hexavalent)>arsenic, and all were lower than the maximum acceptable value recommended by the International Committee on Radiation Protection(ICRP)(5.0×10-5/year). The annual health risk caused by non-chemical carcinogenic pollutants through drinking water was copper>fluoride>nitrate>mercury>zinc>iron>manganese>ammonia nitrogen>cyanide>volatile phenol. However, attention should be paid to the higher risk of copper, fluoride and nitrate, which accounted for 95.21% of the total health risk of nonchemical carcinogenic pollutants annually. Total annual individual health risk of various poisons was dominated by health hazard risk of chemical carcinogens, accounting for 99.89%-99.97% of the total risk. Conclusion The health risks of centralized water supply in rural areas of Huairou District in Beijing are mainly chemical carcinogenic pollutants, and priority should be given to monitoring and early warning. Among the non-chemical pollutants, copper, fluoride and nitrate nitrogen are the main factors, and monitoring should be carried out in time for health risk assessment.

关 键 词：健康风险评价 非化学致癌污染物 化学致癌污染物 

分 类 号：R123.9[医药卫生—环境卫生学]