黑胸散白蚁的替代生殖蚁分化  

Replacement Reproductives Differentiation of Reticulitermes chinensis(Isoptera:Rhinotermitidae)

作　　者：熊佳新 姜宏健 嵇保中 刘曙雯 王怡 Xiong Jiaxin;Jiang Hongjian;Ji Baozhong;Liu Shuwen;Wang Yi(Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China College of Forestry,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing 210037;Administration Bureau of Dr.Sun Yat-sen’s Mausoleum,Nanjing 210014)

机构地区：[1]南方现代林业协同创新中心南京林业大学林学院,南京210037 [2]南京中山陵园管理局,南京210014

出　　处：《林业科学》2019年第10期38-47,共10页Scientia Silvae Sinicae

基　　金：南京林业大学南方现代林业协同创新中心资助项目、高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金项目(20123204110001);江苏省自然科学基金项目(BK2012816);南京市建委、中山陵园管理局资助课题(201409);江苏省农业科技自主创新项目[CX(16)1005]

摘　　要：【目的】黑胸散白蚁属土木两栖白蚁,极易产生替代生殖蚁(RR)是其危害严重、防治困难的主要原因。研究黑胸散白蚁RR分化特征以及群体组成、数量、成熟程度、取食量等因子的影响,为研究白蚁生殖分化机制和防治技术开发提供参考。【方法】将野外采集的黑胸散白蚁进行室内驯化,按照不同数量、品级个体组成以及群体成熟程度,配置成不同处理,观察RR发育情况,分析群体组成、数量、成熟程度和取食量对RR产生历期、成熟RR产生历期、产卵历期的影响。【结果】黑胸散白蚁无翅芽型替代生殖蚁(NRR)的发育经历工蚁、前替代生殖蚁、NRR及成熟NRR 4个阶段,短翅芽型替代生殖蚁(SRR)的发育经历短翅芽若蚁、SRR及成熟SRR 3个阶段;在有若蚁群体中,工蚁先分化形成RR,若蚁随之分化。群体数量为100~200头,群体数量、兵蚁数量、群体中有无若蚁对RR产生历期、成熟RR产生历期和产卵历期影响均不显著(P>0.05);群体成熟程度对成熟RR产生历期有显著影响(P<0.05),对RR产生历期、产卵历期无显著影响(P>0.05)。群体数量为100~150头,兵蚁的有无对RR产生历期、成熟RR产生历期、产卵历期影响不显著(P>0.05);群体数量为200头,有无兵蚁对RR产生历期有显著影响(P<0.05),而对产卵历期、成熟RR产生历期影响不显著(P>0.05)。在所有RR分化历期中,取食量对第一头RR产生历期影响最显著。【结论】黑胸散白蚁工蚁RR分化能力比短翅芽若蚁稍强。RR分化过程中,RR产生历期主要受群体组成和取食量影响,成熟RR产生历期主要受群体成熟程度影响,而群体组成、群体数量和成熟程度对产卵历期的影响均不显著。其中,群体成熟程度的影响达显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01)水平,在黑胸散白蚁防治过程中应重点关注成熟群体的扩散危害。【Objective】Reticulitermes chinensis(Isoptera:Rhinotermitidae)is a soil/wood-nesting amphibious termite species.It is easy to produce replacement reproductives(RR),which is the main reason for its serious damage and difficult control.In order to provide references on mechanism of reproductive differentiation and the development of control technology of termites,we investigated the characteristics of RR differentiation and the influence factors,including the population composition,quantity,the developmental level and the food consumption of experimental groups during the differentiation process of RR.【Method】The colonies of R.chinensis were collected from the field and reared in the laboratory for several days to adapt to the experimental conditions.Then they were separated to different experimental groups with different compositions,populations and developmental levels.We observed the development of RR and the effects of the composition,the population,the developmental level and the food consumption on the durations of RR differentiation,mature RR differentiation and oviposition.【Result】The no wing bud replacement reproductives(NRR)of R.chinensis was differentiated through four development stages,namely workers,pre-replacement reproductives,NRR and mature NRR.The short wing bud replacement reproductives(SRR)of R.chinensis was differentiated through three development stages,i.e.short wing bud nymphs,SRR and mature SRR.In the population with nymphs,workers differentiated to RR earlier than nymphs did.When the number of individuals in the population was between 100 and 200,the population quantity,the number of soldiers,and with or without nymphs in the population did not significantly affect the RR differentiation duration,mature RR differentiation duration and oviposition duration(P>0.05).Besides,population maturity had a significant influence on the duration of mature RR differentiation(P<0.05),while the developmental level of experimental populations had no significant effect on the durations of RR dif

关 键 词：黑胸散白蚁 替代生殖蚁分化 形态特征 影响因子 

分 类 号：S718.7[农业科学—林学]