生物质炭对土壤理化性状及氮素转化影响的研究进展  

Research Progresses in Effects of Biochar on Soil Physiochemical Properties and Nitrogen Transformation

作　　者：王湛 李银坤[2] 徐志刚[1] 郭文忠[2] 马丽[3] 杨子强 WANG Zhan;LI Yinkun;XU Zhigang;GUO Wenzhong;MA Li;YANG Ziqiang(College of Agriculture,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,China;National Research Center of Inteligent Equipment for Agriculture,Beijing 100097,China;Wuzhong National Agricultural Science and Technology Park Management Committee,Wuzhong,Ningxia 751100,China)

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学农学院,南京210095 [2]北京农业智能装备技术研究中心,北京100097 [3]宁夏吴忠国家农业科技园区管理委员会,宁夏吴忠751100

出　　处：《土壤》2019年第5期835-842,共8页Soils

基　　金：农业部公益性行业科技项目(201303108);“十二五”科技支撑计划项目(2014BAD05B02);国家自然科学基金(青年)项目(41501312)资助

摘　　要：生物质炭因其具有的特殊理化性质施入到农田中能够改良土壤、提高土壤肥力及促进作物生长,已经成为农业减排和土壤微生态系统生物氮素地球化学循环领域的研究热点。生物质炭作为土壤的外来物质,直接或间接地参与到土壤氮素的周转过程中,进而对土壤中氮素的存在状态和供应能力等产生长远的影响。本文综述了土壤中施入生物质炭后,氮素循环的变化及响应机制,重点分析了生物质炭施入农田引起土壤理化性质变化后由土壤微生物驱动的固氮反应、氨化反应、硝化反应及反硝化反应等生物化学反应过程的响应及相关机理。在此基础上,对今后生物质炭的研究方向进行展望。Because of special physiochemical properties,biochar can be applied in farmland to improve soil fertility and quality and to promote the growth of crops,so it has become a study hotspot in the field of agricultural emission reduction and biological nitrogen geochemical cycle in soil microecosystem.As the extraneous material of soil,biochar is directly or indirectly involved in the process of soil nitrogen turnover,thus has an long-term impact on the existence and supply capacity of nitrogen in soil.This paper analyzed the change and response mechanism of nitrogen turnover after biochar being fertilized in soil with emphases on biochemical reaction processes,such as ammonification,nitrification,denitrification and nitrogen fixation driven by microorganism after soil physiochemical changes caused by biochar application.Meanwhile,the study prospects of biochar were also discussed.

关 键 词：土壤物理性质 土壤化学性质 氮素循环 微生物 

分 类 号：S156.2[农业科学—土壤学] S158.5[农业科学—农业基础科学]