秦岭巴山耕作区土壤有效磷与磷肥试验相对产量关系研究  

Study on Relationship Between Soil Available Phosphorus and Relative Yield of Phosphorus Fertilizer Tests in Qinling-Bashan Area

作　　者：杨小敏[1] 何文[1] 王琳 简红忠[1] 李拴曹 田越 YANG Xiaomin;HE Wen;WANG Lin;JIAN Hongzhong;LI Shuancao;TIAN Yue(Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Hanzhong,Hanzhong,Shaanxi 723000,China;Shangluo Agricultural Technology Extending Station,Shangluo,Shaanxi 726000,China;Ankang Agricultural Products Monitoring Center,Ankang,Shaanxi 725000,China)

机构地区：[1]汉中市农业技术推广中心,陕西汉中723000 [2]商洛市农业技术推广站,陕西商洛726000 [3]安康市农产品监测中心,陕西安康725000

出　　处：《土壤》2019年第5期888-894,共7页Soils

基　　金：2018年陕西省农业厅第二批省级农业专项资金项目资助

摘　　要：依托测土配方施肥土壤养分数据库以及大量“3414”田间肥效试验结果,分析了秦岭巴山耕作区近30 a间土壤有效磷的变化情况,评价了5种农作物磷肥试验相对产量与土壤有效磷之间的线性关系,结果显示:目前该区域土壤有效磷含量平均值为18.1 mg/kg,达到中等磷水平;小麦、玉米、水稻、油菜、马铃薯肥效试验平均相对产量分别为85.7%、85.5%、88.7%、84.3%、86.0%,说明该区域在目前土壤有效磷含量水平下,基本能满足农作物相对产量80%~85%的生长需求。基于土壤有效磷含量已达中等偏高水平及当前农作物磷肥相对产量值,参照磷肥在土壤中的固定机理以及作物吸磷特性,对于土壤有效磷含量低于15 mg/kg,特别是低于10 mg/kg的低肥力农田,建议全部磷肥分为基肥、追肥两次施用;对于土壤有效磷含量高于20 mg/kg,特别是有效磷高于30 mg/kg的高肥力农田,只追施部分或少量磷肥,充分利用土壤有效磷,开发活化被固定的磷素资源,提高磷肥利用率,避免农业资源浪费,改善农业生态环境。Based on the data of soil nutrients of soil testing and formulated fertilization and the results of“3414”field fertility test in Qinglin-Bashan area,this paper analyzed the changes of soil available phosphorus(P)in the past 30 years and the linear relationship between soil available P and the relative yields of P fertilizer tests for five crops,in order to provide theoretical basis for improving P fertilization method under current level of soil available P.The results showed that the average of soil available P was 18.1 mg/kg in 2008—2012,belonging to the moderate level.The relative yields of“3414”P field fertilizer test were 85.7%for wheat,85.5% for maize,88.7% for rice,84.3% for rape and 86.0%for potato,respectively,indicating the current level of soil available P could basically meet the requirement of crop growth.Based on the middle and high levels of soil available P,the relative yields of five crops of P field fertilizer test,the fixation mechanism of P fertilizer in soil and characteristics of P uptake by crops,it is recommended that all phosphate fertilizers should be divided into base fertilizer and top dressing for the low fertility farmlands with soil available P less than 15 mg/kg,especial less than 10 mg/kg,while only part or a small amount of phosphate fertilizer of topdressing for the medium and high fertility farmlands with soil available P higher than 20 mg/kg,especial higher than 30 mg/kg,to ensure P balance supply in whole growth periods and maximal fertilizer requiring periods of crops,to improve P utilization rate,to save agricultural resources and improve the agricultural ecological environment.

关 键 词：秦岭巴山耕作区 土壤有效磷 相对产量 施肥建议 

分 类 号：S158.3[农业科学—土壤学]