不同线索类型诱发不同运动技能类型运动员注意网络功能的差异：基于fNIRS的研究  

Cue-induced Differences in Attention Network Function between Athletes of Different Sports Skills:Evidences from fNIRS Experiment

作　　者：于淼[1] 刘忆冰 杨光[2] 罗跃嘉 YU Miao;LIU Yibing;YANG Guang;LUO Yuejia(School of Human Movement Science,Jilin Sport University,Changchun,Jilin 130022,China;School of Physical Education,Northeast Normal University,Changchun,Jilin 130024,China;College of Psychology and Sociology,Shenzhen University,Shenzhen,Guangdong 518061,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林体育学院运动人体科学学院,吉林长春130022 [2]东北师范大学体育学院,吉林长春130024 [3]深圳大学心理与社会学院,广东深圳518061

出　　处：《首都体育学院学报》2019年第6期570-576,共7页Journal of Capital University of Physical Education and Sports

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题(2018YFF0300401)

摘　　要：采用近红外脑成像技术,考察不同线索类型对不同运动技能类型运动员注意网络功能产生的行为学差异及其右侧额—顶网络脑区的血氧特征。方法:对篮球运动员(30人)、乒乓球运动员(30人)、田径运动员(24人)及非运动员(30人)进行注意网络测试,同时采用多通道近红外光谱成像技术记录被试右侧额-顶网络脑区的血氧变化。结果:策略性运动项目(篮球)运动员在有效线索和无效线索条件下较乒乓球运动员和非运动员执行控制功能表现出更高的准确率和更低的准确率冲突效应,以及更长的反应时及其冲突效应,同时伴随着右侧背外侧前额叶、前额眼区和额下回的显著激活。截击性运动项目(乒乓球)运动员则在各种线索条件下均表现出比其他组更快的反应速度和更低的冲突效应,并伴随着右侧前额眼区和额下回的显著激活。结论:不同线索类型对运动员注意网络功能的影响存在运动技能类型间的差异。在无效线索条件下,策略性运动项目运动员会做出更准确的判断,其执行控制功能优势表现在解决冲突的高准确率;截击性运动项目运动员执行控制功能优势表现在反应速度加快,解决冲突的速度也更快。该差异与右侧额—顶网络加工机制有关。Objective:Using near-infrared brain imaging technology,attention network test and statistical methods,the effects of different cue types on attention network function of athletes with different types of sports skills were studied.Methods:30 basketball athletes,30 table-tennis athletes and 24 athletics athletes and 30 college students performed attention network test.By using multi-channel near infrared spectral brain imaging system,this paper records the subject’s cerebral oxygenation change on the right frontoparietal network.Results:The results showed that strategic athletes(basketball)had higher accuracy and lower Flanker conflict effects on accuracy,as well as longer reaction time and stronger conflict effects under the valid cue and invalid cue conditions.These are accompanied by higher activity in rDLPFC,rFEF and the right inferior frontal gyrus.Interceptive sports athletes(table-tennis)had higher velocities and lower conflict effects on reaction time and lower conflict effects under the valid,invalid and double cue conditions accompanied higher activity in rFEF and rIFG.Conclusions:These results extend the evidence suggesting that there are differences between skill types in the influence of cue conditions on the performance of attention network function of athletes.The superiority of interceptive sports athletes on the performance of attention network function are due to the higher velocities to solve conflicts,and strategic sports athletes'superiority are the higher accuracy in the same tasks.These effects are attributed to differences in the right frontoparietal network.

关 键 词：注意网络 执行控制 开放式运动技能 闭锁式运动技能 截击性运动 策略性运动 

分 类 号：G804.8[文化科学—运动人体科学]