临床分离细菌分布特点及耐药性回顾分析总结  

Retrospective Analysis of Distribution Characteristics and Drug Resistance of Clinical Isolated Bacteria

作　　者：张晓菲[1] Zhang Xiaofei(Xinxiang Central Hospital Xinxiang,Henan,453000)

机构地区：[1]新乡市中心医院

出　　处：《口岸卫生控制》2019年第5期24-26,共3页Port Health Control

摘　　要：目的分析研究临床分离细菌分布特点及耐药性,为临床用药可合理性创造可靠依据。方法将2017年5月至2018年5月期间本院培养的培养菌利用全自动细菌鉴定仪开展鉴定工作,并行药敏分析,了解临床分离细菌分布特点及耐药性。结果细菌分布以铜绿假单胞菌17.68%、大肠埃希菌16.16%占比最高;铜绿假单胞菌对氯霉素、复方新诺明、米诺环素等药物耐药性较高,鲍曼不动杆菌对美罗培南、哌拉西林、替卡西林/克拉维酸等药物耐药性较高;产ESBL菌的大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌对氨苄西林、头孢唑林、头孢噻肟、头孢曲松等药物耐药率较高。结论临床分离细菌分布以革兰阴性菌为主,包含铜绿假单胞菌、大肠埃希菌等,种类多且耐药性高,应遵循《抗菌药物临床研究指导原则》加强管理,密切监测细菌变化及耐药趋势,确保临床用药合理性和安全性。Objective To analyze the distribution characteristics and drug resistance of clinical isolated bacteria,so as to create a reliable basis for the rationality of clinical drug use. Methods The bacteria cultured in our hospital from May 2017 to May 2018 were identified by automatic bacterial identification instrument,and drug sensitivity analysis was carried out to understand the distribution characteristics and drug resistance of clinical isolated bacteria. Results Pseudomonas aeruginosa 17.68% and Escherichia coli 16.16% accounted for the highest bacterial distribution;Pseudomonas aeruginosa was more resistant to chloramphenicol,compound neotamine and minocycline,while Acinetobacter baumannii was more resistant to meropenem,piperacillin,ticacillin/clavulanic acid;Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae producing ESBL were more resistant to ampicillin and clavulanic acid.The drug resistance rates of cefazolin,cefotaxime and ceftriaxone are higher. Conclusion Gram-negative bacteria,including Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli,are the main pathogens in clinical isolation. They have many kinds and high resistance to antibiotics. We should follow the Guiding Principles for Clinical Research of Antibiotics to strengthen the management,closely monitor the change of bacteria and the trend of drug resistance,and ensure the rationality and safety of clinical drug use.

关 键 词：细菌分布特点 耐药性 药敏 安全性 

分 类 号：R37[医药卫生—病原生物学]