自动站与人工站相对湿度观测在不同气象条件下的对比分析  

Comparative Analysis of Relative Humidity between Automatic and Mannul Observations under Different Weather Conditions

作　　者：赵美艳 余君 朱亚妮[2] 曹丽娟[2] ZHAO Mei-yan;YU Jun;ZHU Ya-ni;CAO Li-juan(Chongqing Meteorological Information and Technical Support Centre,Chongqing 401147,China;National Meteorological Information Center,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆市气象信息与技术保障中心,重庆401147 [2]国家气象信息中心,北京100081

出　　处：《西南师范大学学报（自然科学版）》2019年第11期73-80,共8页Journal of Southwest China Normal University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：中国气象局气象关键技术集成与应用项目(CMAGJ2015Z16)

摘　　要：自2000年以来,相对湿度等常规气象要素的人工观测逐渐被自动观测所取代,为了了解两者具体的偏差情况,文章选取全国8个长期保留人工观测的国家基准站2007-2014年的相对湿度平行观测资料对其多年平均偏差、偏差标准差等进行了统计分析,并详细分析对比差值在不同气温、湿度及风速条件下的差异特征.研究发现,大多数站点的自动观测与人工观测相比,两者有一定的"系统偏差",相对湿度的自动观测存在偏干的现象,年平均在4%以内,但两者的稳定性较好.低温条件下,两种观测的对比差值最大,高温次之,中等温度条件下,二者之间的差值较小.相对湿度小于80%时,两者的差均为正,自动观测相对湿度偏干,整体差异不大,最大在7%左右.相对湿度35%时差异达到最大,之后该较大差值一直持续到90%左右,差异变化不明显,相对湿度达到95%以后差异明显减小甚至为负;风速对两种观测对比差值的影响比气温、相对湿度的影响小,随着风速的增加,两者之间的差异减小,整体差异基本以正值为主,人工观测的相对湿度值更大一些.From 2000, the manual observations was been replacing by auto weather station which was used in past several decades. About 8 observation stations from 2007 to 2014 were selected,they were analyzed in detail by means of computing the multi-year mean deviation and standard deviation of bias. The results show that there is systematic deviations between automatic and mannul observation in most stations, the magnitude of mannul observation is usually greater than auto weather station, about 4%, but the stability of the two observation is good. At low temperature, the bias between the two observations is the largest, followed by high temperature,and the difference between the mannul and the automatic observation is minimal in medium temperature conditions. When the relative humidity is less than 80%,the difference between the two observation is positive, automatic observation of relative humidity is dry, the maximum is about 7% or so. The bias achieves the maximum when relative humidity is 35%, and the larger bias has continued to 90% or so, after a relative humidity of 95% bias was significantly reduced or even negative. The effect of wind speed on the bias of two observation is smaller than that of air temperature and relative humidity. With the increase of wind speed, the bias between the two observation is reduced, the bias is basically positive, and the relative humidity value of the mannul observation is larger.

关 键 词：自动观测 人工观测 相对湿度 对比分析 

分 类 号：P416.2[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]