美国军援与台湾陆军预备役的初步建立(1949—1955)  

U. S. Military Assistance and Preliminary Stage of Taiwan Army Reserve(1949-1955)

作　　者：侯中军[1] Hou Zhongjun(Institute of Modern History,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100006)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院近代史研究所

出　　处：《军事历史研究》2019年第2期1-16,共16页Military History Research

基　　金：2018年国家社会科学基金重点项目“顾维钧抗战外交档案的整理与研究”(18AZS015)

摘　　要：美国的军事援助是国民党败退台湾后能够得以立足的关键因素之一。在军事援助国民党台湾问题上,美国曾有过一段时间的消极政策。虽然美国军方不认可美国国务院的对台政策,但亦无法改变整体对台方针。朝鲜战争爆发后,出于现实需要,美国改变了对台政策,军援开始加速。美国有意加强台湾军队的独立防卫能力,开始着手帮助台湾进行军事改革。围绕编练9个预备师及以其为基础的台湾陆军预备役制度的建立,台美双方存在分歧,尤其是在编练规模以及台军政工制度问题上,分歧较大。台湾最终接受了美国提出的军队规模,而美国亦接受了保留台军的政工制度。两者分歧的根源在于:美国的目的在于帮助台湾防御本岛,而非是助其反攻大陆。在美国帮助下,台湾初步建立起了陆军预备役制度。Military assistance from the United States of America was one of the key factors for KMT to have a foothold in Taiwan after its retreat there. The US policy remained passive for some time concerning military aid to Taiwan. Although the military did not endorse the State Department’s attitude to Taiwan,it was in no position to change the overall Taiwan policy. After the outbreak of the Korean War,the US changed its policy and increased its military aid to Taiwan. It intended to strengthen the defense capability of the Taiwan’s army and began to help Taiwan to carry out military reform. Differences existed between Taiwan and the United States regarding the establishment of nine reserve divisions and the reserve system of the Taiwan army,especially its training scale and the political work system. Taiwan eventually accepted the army size proposal from the US,and the latter consented to the former’s retainment of political work system in its army. Their divergence was rooted in the fact that the US had aimed to help Taiwan defend the island,rather than to help its counterattack on the Mainland. With the help of the United States,Taiwan established the army reserve system.

关 键 词：美军顾问团 军援 陆军预备役 中国台湾 顾维钧 

分 类 号：K27[历史地理—历史学] E29[历史地理—中国史]