坡地滴灌顺逆坡双向布置毛管出水规律研究  

Study on Water Outflow Rule of Capillary Pipe in Two-way Arrangement of Drip Irrigation Along and Against Slopes

作　　者：刘少东[1] 汪春[1,2] 衣淑娟 LIU Shao dong;WANG Chun;YI Shu juan(College of Engineering,Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University,Daqing 163319,Heilongjiang Province,China;South Subtropical Crops Institute,CATAS,Zhanjiang 524091,Guangdong Province,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江八一农垦大学工程学院,黑龙江大庆163319 [2]中国热带农业科学院南亚热带作物研究所循环农业研究中心,广东湛江524091

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2019年第11期33-40,共8页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：黑龙江大庆市科技局项目(zd-2016-117);黑龙江省大学生创新创业训练计划项目(201610223023);黑龙江八一农垦大学农业机械化重点实验室开放课题项目(2017-2018);黑龙江八一农垦大学校内培育课题项目(2016-2018)

摘　　要：滴灌能够高效利用水资源,在国内得到广泛应用。在不同坡度地形条件下,沿坡布置的滴灌毛管滴孔受高程变化影响,出水规律与平地滴灌存在明显差异。选择地面坡度、顺坡管长和逆坡管长为试验因素,分别设定为3个水平、5个水平和5个水平进行全因素试验,测定毛管滴孔出水量并分析计算各组合的灌水均匀度。结果表明,上述因素均对毛管灌水均匀度有明显影响,其中顺坡管长影响最为显著。逆坡管较短的顺逆坡双向布置毛管更适应有坡地形,随坡度增加灌水均匀度逐渐提高;顺坡管越短,灌水均匀度越高,实践中应根据坡度选择适宜的顺坡管长;对于不同长度的顺坡管,逆坡管存在最佳长度,低于或高于该值均会降低灌水均匀度。从各组合滴孔出水量分布规律来看,毛管入水口处出水量最高,随顺坡管长减短毛管出水量峰值降低而低值提高,出水量趋于均匀;地形坡度会对顺坡管内水流产生压力补偿,坡度足够大时会使顺坡管出水量最低点向入水口处前移;逆坡管的设置会降低毛管各滴孔出水量,入水口近端滴孔下降较多,末端下降较少,在一定长度范围内,逆坡管越长该现象越明显,但超过一定长度后逆坡管末端会出现出水量陡降现象。Drip irrigation can efficiently utilize water resources and is widely used in China.Under different slope topographic conditions,the capillary drip holes arranged along the slope are affected by elevation changes,and there is a significant difference between the rule of water output and drip irrigation on flat land.Ground gradient,downhill pipe length and downhill pipe length were selected as test factors.Full factor experiments were conducted at three,five and five levels,respectively,to determine the water output from capillary drip holes and to analyze and calculate the irrigation uniformity of each combination.The results show that:all the above factors have significant effects on the uniformity of capillary irrigation,and the length of downhill pipe has the most significant effect;the two-way arrangement of capillary with shorter downhill pipe is more suitable for sloping terrain,and the irrigation uniformity gradually increases with the increase of slope;the shorter downhill pipe is,the higher the irrigation uniformity is,so the suitable downhill pipe length should be selected according to the slope in practice;for the downhill capillary with different length,there is an optimal length,which will reduce the irrigation uniformity when the value is lower or higher.According to the distribution law of water output from each combination of trickle holes,the water output at the capillary intake is the highest,the peak value of capillary outflow decreases and the low value increases with the decrease of the length of downhill pipe,then the water output tends to be uniform;the topographic gradient will compensate the water flow in downhill pipe,and when the slope is large enough,the lowest point of downhill outflow will move forward to the intake;the setting of downhill pipe will reduce the water output from each trickle hole.In a certain length range,the longer the upstream pipe is,the more obvious the phenomenon is.But when the length exceeds a certain length,the water output of the upstream pipe will drop sharp

关 键 词：滴灌 坡地 双向布管 灌水均匀度 出水规律 

分 类 号：S275.6[农业科学—农业水土工程]