福斯特与摩尔关于新陈代谢断裂理论的论战  

A Study of Debate on Metabolic Rift Theory Between John Foster and Jason Moore

作　　者：王常冉[1] 刘魁[1] Wang Changran;Liu Kui(School of Marxism,Southeast University)

机构地区：[1]东南大学马克思主义学院

出　　处：《南京林业大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2019年第5期51-61,共11页Journal of Nanjing Forestry University(Humanities and Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目“21世纪人与自然生命共同体的生态拯救前沿研究”(18YJA710033);江苏省博士研究生科研与实践创新计划项目“马克思物质变换思想的生态意蕴研究”(KYCX17_0215)

摘　　要：以福斯特为代表的生态马克思主义依据马克思的文本,指出资本主义的无限增殖逻辑必然会触碰到自然极限,从而导致人与自然之间的新陈代谢关系发生断裂,对马克思生态思想的当代诠释做出了基础性贡献。但以摩尔为代表的反对派则坚称新陈代谢断裂不具备普适性,认为资本主义国家只是阶段性地局部发生新陈代谢断裂,这种断裂以危机的形式刺激着资本主义国家进行全球性的资源掠夺,从而最终使资本主义国家避免了新陈代谢断裂。实质上,福斯特关心的是资本主义社会新陈代谢对自然新陈代谢的破坏,而摩尔关注的是自然新陈代谢对资本主义社会新陈代谢的反馈作用,显然因二者各执一端而引发论战。福斯特与摩尔的这次论战反映了国外生态马克思主义理论界未能把握住马克思的有机论思想,将社会新陈代谢和自然新陈代谢之间的辩证运动关系进行了僵化的理解,这就启示国内学界应重视对马克思唯物史观中生态辩证法的研究。John B. Foster, the most representative ecological Marxism theorist, delves into Marx’s texts and finds out that the capitalist logic of endless expansion will definitely meet natural limits, rifting up the metabolism between human and nature, which forms metabolic rift theory as a basic contribution to contemporary interpretation of the ecological thought of Karl Marx. However, Jason W. Moore, the opponent,denies the generality of the metabolic rift and holds that capitalist countries are faced with metabolic rift periodically and partially, but that alarms those countries to take actions against the metabolic rift by robbing natural resources from other countries across the world to ensure their metabolic safety. In essence, Foster cares about the destruction of capitalist social metabolism on natural metabolism, while Moore focuses on the feedback of natural metabolism on capitalist social metabolism. Their debate reflects that western academia of ecological Marxism has not totally understood the organic thought of Karl Marx, which leads to their rigescent interpretation of the dialectic relations between social metabolism and natural metabolism, and that urges Chinese academics to attach importance to the ecological dialectics in Marx’s historical materialism.

关 键 词：J.B.福斯特 新陈代谢断裂 J.W.摩尔 马克思 生态辩证法 

分 类 号：A81[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]