从“理想人”到“现实人”——马克思“人的本质”思想探微  

From “Perfect Man” to “ Realistic Man”——On Marx’s “Human Nature” Thoughts

作　　者：李星[1] LI Xing(Department of Philosophy,Peking University,Beijing,100871)

机构地区：[1]北京大学哲学系

出　　处：《运城学院学报》2019年第5期1-5,共5页Journal of Yuncheng University

摘　　要：马克思对"人的本质"的看法经历了重要转向,并不断修缮。在《手稿》中,马克思认为"自由有意识的劳动"是人的理想本质;之后受到黑格尔异化观的影响,马克思将实践作为中介,转向了社会关系研究视角,认为"一切社会关系总和"是人的现实本质。在后来的文本,马克思又将多种视角综合起来审视人,归纳而言,人的本质在马克思那里可以概括为人在需要的驱动下,在与环境的相互作用中,有个性参与的,通过不断的实践,体现为各种社会关系的追求自由自觉活动的独特的历史存在物。分析可见,在马克思看来,人并没有固定本质,人是开放的系统,要对其进行与时俱进的研究。Marx’s view on "Human Nature"has experienced an important conversion and has been constantly renovated. In his Manuscript,Marx claims that"free and conscious labor"is the ideal essence of human being. Whereafter,since he has been influenced by Hegel’s concept of alienation,Marx takes practice as an intermediary and turn to the perspective of social relations,believing that "the sum of all social relations"is the realistic essence of human beings. In his later literature,Marx explores men from a variety of perspectives. In short,human nature can be summarized like which under the driven by human needs and the interaction with their environment,they participate individually with continuous practice embodied as unique existence for pursuing free and conscious activities of all kinds of social relations. From Marx’s view,the analysis shows that human beings do not have a fixed nature but an open system. Therefore,it is bound to keep pace with timely study on it.

关 键 词：马克思 人的本质 转变 开放系统 

分 类 号：B811[哲学宗教—逻辑学]