干旱胁迫下水杨酸、脱落酸和海藻提取物对苹果幼苗抗旱性及养分吸收的影响  

Effects of salicylic acid, abscisic acid and seaweed extract on drought resistance and nutrient uptake of apple seedlings under drought stress

作　　者：冯敬涛 邢玥 张鑫 贾志航 李慧峰[2] 刘相阳 葛顺峰[1] 姜远茂[1] FENG Jingtao;XING Yue;ZHANG Xin;JIA Zhihang;LI Huifeng;LIU Xiangyang;GE Shunfeng;JIANG Yuanmao(College of Horticulture Science and Engineering,Shandong Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology,Taian,271018;Shandong Institute of Pomology;Shannxi BELLE Femdean Biotechnology Co.,Ltd.)

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学园艺科学与工程学院/作物生物学国家重点实验室,泰安271018 [2]山东省果树研究所 [3]陕西枫丹百丽生物科技有限公司

出　　处：《中国果树》2019年第6期42-48,共7页China Fruits

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目（2016YFD0201100）;山东省重大科技创新工程项目（2018CXGC0208）;国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项（CARS-27）;山东省泰山学者工程专项经费资助

摘　　要：以盆栽苹果砧木M9T337矮化幼苗为试材,研究了水杨酸(SA)、脱落酸(ABA)和海藻提取物(SE)对重度干旱胁迫下苹果幼苗生长、光合色素、抗氧化酶活性、光合特性、渗透调节物质以及养分吸收的影响。结果表明:重度干旱胁迫显著抑制了苹果幼苗的营养生长,降低了叶片抗氧化酶活性、渗透调节物质含量、光合作用及植株养分含量。喷施SA、ABA和SE均促进了干旱胁迫下幼苗的生长,提高了叶片光合色素含量以及净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)和蒸腾速率(Tr),同时也提高了苹果叶片中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性以及可溶性蛋白、脯氨酸等渗透调节物质的含量,降低了丙二醛(MDA)含量,有效缓解了干旱胁迫对植株造成的伤害。与SA和ABA相比,喷施SE在促进苹果幼苗营养生长、提高叶绿素a含量和叶片SOD和CAT活性、增加可溶性蛋白和脯氨酸含量、提高植株养分含量方面效果更显著。The potted M9T337 dwarf root stock seedlings were used to study the effects of salicylic acid(SA), abscisic acid(ABA) and seaweed extract(SE) on the growth, photosynthetic pigments, antioxidant enzyme activities, photosynthetic characteristics, osmotic adjustment substance and nutrient absorption in apple under severe drought stress. The results showed that severe drought stress significantly inhibited the vegetative growth of apple seedlings, reduced the activities of antioxidant enzymes in leaves, content of osmotic regulatory substances, photosynthesis and plant nutrient content. Spraying SA, ABA and SE promoted the growth of seedlings under drought stress, improved photosynthetic pigment content, net photosynthetic rate(Pn), stomatal conductance(Gs), intercellular carbon dioxide concentration(Ci) and transpiration rate(Tr), elevated theactivities of superoxide dismutase(SOD), peroxidase(POD) and catalase(CAT), and increased the content of soluble protein, proline and other osmotic adjustment substances in apple leaves, but reduced the content of malondialdehyde(MDA), these could effectively alleviated the drought stress of apple seedlings. Compared with SA and ABA, spraying SE was significantly effective in promoting vegetative growth, increasing chlorophyll-a content, elevating the activity of SOD and CAT in leaf, and increasing soluble protein and proline content, and improving plant nutrient content.

关 键 词：海藻提取物 水杨酸 脱落酸 苹果砧木 干旱胁迫 抗旱性 养分 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]