生草栽培对龙眼果园土壤理化性质和微生物学性状的影响  

Study on the effects of cover crops on the physic and chemical properties and the organism of soils in longan orchards

作　　者：潘介春[1] 徐石兰 丁峰[1,2] 张振镜 周煜棉 王金英 徐炯志[1] 邓英毅[1] 程夕冉[1] 莫云川[1] PAN Jiechun;XU Shilan;DING Feng;ZHANG Zhenjing;ZHOU Yumian;WANG Jinying;XU Jiongzhi;DENG Yingyi;CHENG Xiran;MO Yunchuan(College of Agricultural,Guangxi University,Nanning 530000;Horticultural Research Institute,Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences)

机构地区：[1]广西大学农学院,南宁530000 [2]广西壮族自治区农业科学院园艺研究所

出　　处：《中国果树》2019年第6期59-64,共6页China Fruits

基　　金：国家荔枝龙眼产业技术体系基金（CARS-33-10）;国家现代农业产业技术体系广西荔枝龙眼创新团队（nycytxgxcxtd-02）;广西创新驱动发展专项（桂科AA17204097-9、桂科AA17204097-1）

摘　　要：为优选出南方龙眼果园适宜的生草品种,在‘四季蜜’龙眼果园分别在行间套种假地豆、白花三叶草、鼠茅草、阔叶丰花草和自然生草,并以清耕为对照,研究套种不同草种对龙眼果园土壤理化性质及生物学性状的影响。结果表明:果园行间生草能提高土壤含水量,降低土壤pH值;生草刜期,各生草处理0~15 cm土层土壤中全氮、全磷含量下降,钙、镁含量上升,15~30cm土层中的全氮含量上升,生草对土壤营养元素的影响随着土层的加深而逐渐下降;生草栽培总体来看能够提高土壤中微生物的数量;各生草处理的土壤微生物量碳、氮含量均显著高于清耕;各生草处理土壤中β-葡萄糖苷酶、氨肽酶和磷酸二脂酶活性高于清耕,阔叶丰花草处理土壤中β-葡萄糖苷酶、磷酸二脂酶活性显著高于其他草种,鼠茅草处理土壤中氨肽酶含量最高。龙眼果园生草能增加土壤中微生物数量,提高碳、氮含量和磷循环相兲酶活性,改良土壤环境,生草栽培刜期消耗土壤中矿物质元素,在生长刜期要及时给肥。综合各生草草种对土壤理化性质和生物学性状的影响,以白花三叶草为佳,适宜在南方龙眼果园推广。The present experiment was conducted to select cover crop in southern longan orchard. The effects of interplanting of pseudopod bean, white clover, chrysanthemum prata, broadleaf floribunda and growing natural weeds on the physic and chemical properties and the biological characteristics of soils in longan orchards were studied, and the methods of the clean cultivation was taken as CK. The results showed that the interplanting in orchard markedly increased the soil water contents and decreased value of pH. At the beginning of the growing cover crops in the orchard, the content of total nitrogen and total phosphorus decreased in the soil layer of 0~15 cm with the 5 cover crops, the content of calcium and magnesium increased, the content of total nitrogen in 15~30 cm soil layer increased, and the effect of growing grass on soil nutrients decreased gradually with the deepening of soil layer. Grass cultivation can increase the number of microorganisms in soil as a whole. The content of soil microbial carbon and nitrogen in each grass treatment was significantly higher than that in clear ploughing. The 5 cover crops markedly increased the β-glucosidase, aminopeptidase and phosphodiesterase, the contents of β-glucosidase and phosphodiesterase in the soil of broadleaf floribunda were significantly higher than others, and the content of aminopeptidase in the soil of white clover was the highest. Growing cover crops in orchard can increase the number of microorganisms and the activities of enzymes related to carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus cycles, improving the soil environment. Initial growth of grass, the mineral elements in the soil are consumed, and the fertilizer should be timely given. Based on the effects of 5 cover crops on soil physical and chemical properties and biological properties, white clover was the best choice and was suitable to be popularized in southern orchards.

关 键 词：龙眼 果园生草 土壤 理化性质 生物学性状 

分 类 号：S667.2[农业科学—果树学]