施用复合菌肥与套作对香蕉枯萎病控病作用的影响  

Effects of compound microbial fertilizer application and intercropping on controlling fusarium wilt of banana

作　　者：汪军[1] 周游[1] 杨腊英[1] 刘磊[1] 符红文 黄俊生[1] WANG Jun;ZHOU You;YANG Laying;LIU Lei;FU Hongwen;HUANG Junsheng(Environment and Plant Protection Institute,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science/Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Control of Tropical Agricultural and Forest Invasive Alien Pests Ministry of Agriculture.Haikou Hainan 571101;Hainan BaoJvchun agricultural development Co.,Ltd.)

机构地区：[1]中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所/农业农村部热带农林有害生物入侵检测与控制重点实验室,海南海口571101 [2]海南宝绿春农业开发有限公司

出　　处：《中国果树》2019年第6期69-72,86,共5页China Fruits

基　　金：海南自然科学基金创新研究团队项目（2017CXTD016）;中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所自主选题项目（hzsjy2019002,hzsjy2019003）

摘　　要：为探讨含有枯草芽孢杆菌BLG010和淡紫拟青霉E16防控香蕉枯萎病的专利菌株制备的复合菌肥(CMF)与套作对香蕉枯萎病的防治效果,采用完全随机区组试验,测定了香蕉、红薯套作条件下施用CMF对香蕉生长、发病率、土壤微生物数量和土壤呼吸速率的影响。结果表明:与对照比较,香蕉移栽120 d时,在单作和套作条件下,施用CMF能促进香蕉生长,降低发病率,其中以套作与施用CMF控病作用最显著,套作+CMF处理后香蕉株高、茎围、叶宽、地上部和地下部鲜重分别提高了37.7%、40.1%、24.3%、29.1%和79.9%,香蕉枯萎病菌数量下降了61.74%;到移栽300d时,667m2产量提高了35.7%,防效提高了69.4%,根际可培养真菌、细菌和放线菌数量分别增加了7.6、42.1、2.7倍,土壤呼吸速率提高了126.1%。施用CMF结合套作可促进香蕉生长,提高根际微生物数量和土壤呼吸作用,增加对香蕉枯萎病的防治效果,具有较大的应用前景。Bacillus subtilis BLG010 and Paecilomyces lilacinus E16 which are patented bioagent controlling fusarium wilt of banana, were used in this study.To investigate the effects of compound microbial fertilizer(CMF) containing the BLG010 and E16 application and intercropping systems on controlling of fusarium wilt of banana. A completely randomized block experiment was conducted to test the effects of two fertilization methods of CMF on the growth of banana plants, disease incidence of fusarium wilt, survival ability of Fusarium oxysporum and E16 and BLG010 and other culturable microbial population, total soil respiration rate in banana and sweet potato intercropping. Results showed that: after 120 days of transplanting, the growth of banana was increased with increasing CMF in both intercropping and monocropping compared to the monocropping with control treatment;the combination of the intercropping with CMF showed the most efficient resistance to fusarium wilt of banana: CMF increased the plant height, stem thickness, leaf width, fresh weight of aerial, and underground part by 37.7%, 40.1%, 24.3%, 29.1% and 79.9%, respectively;the number of Fusarium oxysporum was decreased significantly by 61.74%;after 300 days of transplanting, yield and control efficiencies were increased by 35.7% and 69.4%, respectively;the number of culturable fungi, bacteria and actinomyces in rhizosphere was increased significantly by 7.6, 42.1 and 2.7 times respectively;total soil respiration rate was increased significantly by 126.1%. Using CMF with intercropping could effectively promote the growth of banana and improve microbial population and soil respiration rate at rhizosphere of banana, and increase the control effect of fusarium wilt of banana, and it shows wide application prospect.

关 键 词：单作 套作 复合菌肥 香蕉枯萎病 

分 类 号：S436.611[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]