用3种测定方法分析排土场复垦区的表层土壤的饱和导水率  

Analyzing the saturated hydraulic conductivity of surface soil in a dump by three measuring methods

作　　者：李叶鑫[1,2] 吕刚 王道涵 李朝辉 宋鸽 杜昕鹏 董亮 LI Yexin;LV Gang;WANG Daohan;LI Chaohui;SONG Ge;DU Xinpeng;DONG Liang(College of Mining Engineering,Liaoning Technical University,123000,Fuxin,Liaoning,China;College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Liaoning Technical University,123000,Fuxin,Liaoning,China;Fushun Mining Group Limited Company,113006,Fushun,Liaoning,China;College of Resources and Environment,Southwest University,400715,Chongqing,China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁工程技术大学矿业学院,辽宁阜新123000 [2]辽宁工程技术大学环境科学与工程学院,辽宁阜新123000 [3]抚顺矿业集团有限责任公司,辽宁抚顺113006 [4]西南大学资源环境学院,重庆400715

出　　处：《中国水土保持科学》2019年第5期65-74,共10页Science of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目“抚顺西露天矿区生态环境修复与综合整治技术及示范”(2017YFC1503105);辽宁省自然科学基金指导计划项目“露天煤矿排土场土体裂缝的优先流效应研究”(20180550447)

摘　　要：排土场是一种典型人工松散堆积体,其复垦区土壤饱和导水率对排土场地表径流形成及土壤侵蚀过程具有重要影响,也对认识该区域土壤水分运动规律及水分渗漏特征具有重要意义。目前,关于排土场土壤饱和导水率的测定方法较多,但其测定结果的准确程度有待提高。作者采用Hood入渗仪测定排土场3种复垦植被类型表层土壤饱和导水率,分析土壤理化性质对饱和导水率的影响,阐明室内环刀法和双环入渗法测定结果的差异性及其原因,探讨土壤饱和导水率的最优测定方法。结果表明:排土场不同复垦植被土壤含水率为13.51%~15.48%,土壤密度依次为刺槐林地>荒草地>榆树林地,土壤有机质为6.17~8.05 g/kg。刺槐林地、榆树林地和荒草地表层土壤饱和导水率依次为0.77、0.54和0.48 mm/min,不同测定方法的结果表现为Hood入渗仪<双环入渗法<室内环刀法。排土场表层土壤导水性能依次为榆树林地(0.523)>刺槐林地(0.501)>荒草地(0.488)。Hood入渗仪法在排土场表层土壤饱和导水率测定中有较好的适用性。[Background] Domestic and foreign scholars have conducted a lot of researches on the selection and adaptability of reclaimed vegetation, infiltration characteristics and hydrological effects of reclaimed mine soil, water-holding capacity of soil, and the restoration of soil fertility in the dump. However, it is lack of study on the saturated hydraulic conductivity of reclaimed soil with different reclaimed vegetations in the dump. The saturated hydraulic conductivity of reclaimed soil has an important impact on the formation of surface runoff and soil erosion in the dump, and it is of great significance to understand the soil water movement and the characteristics water leakage in this area. At present, there are many methods for determining the soil saturated hydraulic conductivity of a dump, but the accuracy of the measurement results needs to be improved. [Methods] In the present study, saturated hydraulic conductivity of surface soil with 3 types of reclaimed vegetations (Robinia pseudoacacia forest land, Ulmus pumila forest land, and weeds) was measured and calculated by indoor-ring infiltration method, double-ring infiltration method and Hood infiltrometer, and 3 samples of every forests sample plot were taken. The soil water content, bulk density, porosity and gravel content were measured indoor and their effects on saturated hydraulic conductivity were analyzed. Saturated soil hydraulic conductivity of surface soil in the reclaimed soil was evaluated by analytic hierarchy process. The differences and its reasons of the results by indoor-ring infiltration method and double-ring infiltration method were clarified, and the optimal method of saturated water conductivity was discussed. [Results] 1) Soil moisture content with different reclaimed vegetations was 13.51%-15.48%, and soil bulk density was R. pseudoacacia forest land > weeds > U. pumila forest land. The soil organic matter was 6.17-8.05 g/kg. The gravel content of R. pseudoacacia forest land, U. pumila forest land and weeds were 52.39%, 47.52%, and

关 键 词：饱和导水率 排土场 Hood入渗仪 土壤入渗 复垦植被 

分 类 号：S157[农业科学—土壤学]