施肥对红松果材兼用林营养和结实的影响  

Effects of Fertilization on Needle Nutrition and Cone Yield of a Dual-purpose Pinus koraiensis Plantation Established for Timber and Pine Nut Production

作　　者：谷佳莹 王海峰 魏红洋 崔晓阳[1] GU Jia-ying;WANG Hai-feng;WEI Hong-yang;CUI Xiao-yang(College of Forestry,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040)

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学林学院,哈尔滨150040

出　　处：《温带林业研究》2018年第2期15-19,25,共6页Journal of Temperate Forestry Research

基　　金：国家重点研发计划"北方主要珍贵用材树种高效培育技术研究"(2017YFD0600601-03);国家大学生创新项目(201610225020)

摘　　要：养分供给是林木生长发育的物质基础,林木组织的营养元素浓度与林木生长量、经济产量有密切关系。红松果材兼用林对地力消耗较大,施肥是一项十分必要的基础技术措施。在吉林省敦化市所属长白山北部林区肥力较低的白浆化暗棕壤上,进行了已郁闭的红松果材幼龄林施肥试验。共设置N、P、K单施及NP、NPK配施5种处理,分别于2014年和2016年夏初施行,2017年夏、秋季取样调查。结果显示:隔年2次施肥后,无论N、P、K肥料单施,还是NP、NPK配施,红松针叶中肥料元素的含量均有显著提高,针叶营养水平对施肥的反应是敏感的。N肥单施以及NP、NPK配施,针叶N含量分别比对照高出40.1%、33.6%、32.0%;P肥单施以及NP、NPK配施,针叶P含量分别比对照高出68.5%、59.4%、49.7%,K肥单施以及NPK配施,针叶K含量分别比对照高出33.8%、38.7%。单施N肥导致叶P含量有所降低,单施P肥则导致叶N含量有所降低,这种"稀释效应"可能加剧N、P肥料单施条件下林木的P、N缺乏。单施N、P及配施NP对针叶K含量无显著影响,单施K对针叶N、P含量亦无显著影响,提示土壤和林木可能并不缺钾。NP、NPK配施显著提高了结实林木株数,单施氮肥则显著降低了结实林木株数。单施P肥及NP、NPK配施均显著提高了松籽产量,结实林木单株松籽产量分别比对照增加21.8%、32.1%、35.7%,林分平均单株松籽产量分别比对照增加38.1%、67.3%、71.8%,肥料配施对松籽产量的增效作用更加明显。单施K肥对结实株数和松籽产量均无影响,且NP、NPK二处理间结实株数和松籽产量均无显著差异,表明植株并不缺钾,增加的钾吸收量属于奢侈消耗。综合分析得出,最合理的施肥方案应该是NP配施。Nutrient supply is the physical basis of forest tree growth and development. The volume of forest tree growth and economic yield are closely related to concentrations of nutrient elements in plant tissue. Fertilization is an essential primary technical measure for the dual-purpose Pinus koraiensis plantations established for timber and pine nut production,on account of its intense consumption of soil fertility. A fertilizer experiment was conducted on a young dual-purpose Pinus koraiensis plantation built on a relatively infertile soil in the northern Changbai Moutaions,Jilin Provence. A total of 5 fertilizer treatments were designed,including single application of N,P,K and combined application of NP,NPK. Fertilizers were applied into the soil twice in June 2014 and June 2016,respectively. The needle samples for nutrient analysis were taken in July 2017,and the economic yield investigated in October 2017. The results showed that,after the overyear twice fertilizations,the concentrations of applied nutrient elements in pine needle were all increased significantly,suggesting that the needle nutrient level is sensitive to fertilization. The needle N concentrations for N single application and combined NP,NPK application treatments were increased by 40.1%,33.6%,32.0% over that of the control,respectively. The needle P concentrations for P single applicationand combined NP,NPK application treatments were increased by 68.5%,59.4%,49.7% over that of the control,respectively. The needle K concentrations for K single application and combined NPK application treatments were increased by 33.8% and 38.7% over that of the control,respectively. Nitrogen single application caused some decrease in needle P concentration,while P single application caused a decrease in needle N concentration,indicating that the"dilution effect"may intensify other nutrient deficiency in the case of single-element fertilization. NP and NPK combined application increased,whereas N single application decreased,the setting percentage of the pine trees

关 键 词：白浆化暗棕壤 红松果材兼用林 林木施肥 针叶营养 红松结实 

分 类 号：S723.7[农业科学—林木遗传育种]