南通市电焊工人疑似职业性噪声聋听力损失现状及影响因素  

Current status and influencing factors of hearing loss in suspected occupational noise-induced deafness among electric welders in Nantong City

作　　者：尹仕伟[1] 陆春花[1] 周萍[1] 周志文[1] 高海萍[1] 杨泽云[1] YIN Shiwei;LU Chunhua;ZHOU Ping;ZHOU Zhiwen;GAO Haiping;YANG Zeyun(Nantong Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Nantong,Jiangsu 226007,China)

机构地区：[1]南通市疾病预防控制中心

出　　处：《中国职业医学》2019年第5期604-608,共5页China Occupational Medicine

基　　金：江苏省预防医学科研项目(Y2015029)

摘　　要：目的分析南通市电焊工人疑似职业性噪声聋(ONID)听力损失情况及其影响因素。方法采用判断抽样的方法,以2017年在南通市职业健康检查机构进行在岗职业健康检查的3 265名噪声作业电焊工人为研究对象。收集其职业健康检查资料,分析其听力损失情况及其影响因素。结果 3 265名电焊工人中检出疑似ONID病例159例,检出率为4.87%。疑似ONID以轻度噪声聋为主,占82.39%(131/159)。疑似ONID病例左、右耳的4 000 Hz听阈异常率均高于相应耳的3 000 Hz(100.00%vs 93.08%,98.11%vs 92.45%,P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示:年龄和噪声接触工龄均为疑似ONID发生的危险因素(P<0.05);通用设备制造业、金属制品业、电气机械和器材制造业、其他行业和铁路、船舶、航空航天和其他运输设备制造业的电焊工人发生疑似ONID的危险性均低于计算机、通信和其他电子设备制造业[比值比(OR)及其95%可信区间(CI)分别为:0.341(0.155~0.752)、0.264(0.112~0.620)、0.149(0.038~0.582)、0.110(0.035~0.341)、0.418(0.179~0.972),P<0.05];国有经济类型企业的电焊工人发生疑似ONID的危险性低于私有经济型企业(OR=0.254,95%CI:0.116~0.559,P<0.01)。结论年龄、噪声接触工龄、企业行业类别和企业经济类型均是南通市电焊工人发生疑似ONID的影响因素。Objective To analyze the current status and influencing factors of hearing loss in the suspected occupational noise-induced deafness(ONID) among welders in Nantong City. Methods A total of 3 265 noise-exposed welders who underwent the occupational health examination in Nantong City in 2017 were collected as the study subjects by judgment sampling method. The data of occupational medical examination of these welders was collected. The incidence and influencing factors of suspected ONID were analyzed. Results A total of 159 cases of suspected ONID were detected and the detection rate was 4.87%. The suspected ONID was mainly mild noise-induced deafness, accounting for 82.39%(131/159). The abnormal rates of 4 000 Hz hearing threshold in the left and right ears of suspected ONID cases were higher than that of 3 000 Hz in the corresponding ears(100.00% vs 93.08%, 98.11% vs 92.45%, P<0.05). The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age and length of service during noise exposure were risk factors for suspected ONID(P<0.05). The risks of suspected ONID among welders in general equipment manufacturing industry, metal products industry, other industries, electrical machinery and equipment manufacturing industry, and manufacturing of equipment of railways, ships, aerospace and other transportations were lower than that in computer, communication and other electronic equipment manufacturing industry. The odds ratio(OR) and 95% confidence interval(95%CI) were 0.341(0.155-0.752), 0.264(0.112-0.620), 0.149(0.038-0.582), 0.110(0.035-0.341), 0.418(0.179-0.972), respectively. The risk of suspected ONID among welders in state-owned enterprises was lower than that in private enterprises(OR=0.254, 95%CI 0.116-0.559,P<0.01). Conclusion The age, service length of noise exposure, type of enterprise industry and economy of enterprise are all influencing factors of suspected ONID in electric welding workers in Nantong City.

关 键 词：电焊工 噪声 疑似职业病 职业性噪声聋 影响因素 

分 类 号：R135.8[医药卫生—劳动卫生]