行政法中的没收违法所得  

Confiscation of Illegal Gains in Administrative Law

作　　者：王青斌 WANG Qingbin

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学法治政府研究院

出　　处：《法学评论》2019年第6期160-170,共11页Law Review

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大委托项目“创新发展中国特色社会主义法治理论体系研究”（批准号：17@ZH014）的阶段性成果

摘　　要：没收违法所得是我国《行政处罚法》所规定的处罚种类之一,其功能在于剥夺非法收益。从行政处罚的功能是"惩戒"这一角度出发,没收违法所得不具有惩戒功能,因而不应认定为行政处罚,而是独立的具体行政行为类型。在没收违法所得与行政处罚的关系上,应构建以罚款为主的行政处罚制度,而将没收违法所得作为行政处罚制度的补充。在违法所得的认定标准上,应当坚持违法所得是非法收益这一标准,扣除合理的支出或成本。此外,没收违法所得的适用对象应广于行政处罚,在程序上,没收违法所得应遵守说明理由制度和听取意见制度,且在一定条件下也可以适用简易程序。The confiscation of illegal gains is one of the punishment types stipulated in the Administrative Penalties Law of our country,of which the function is to deprive illegal gains.From the point of view that the function of administrative penalty is"disciplinary",the confiscation of illegal gains does not have this function and therefore should be regarded not as an administrative penalty but as an independent specific type of administrative behavior.For the relationship between the confiscation of illegal gains and administrative penalty,an administrative penalty system based on fines shall be constructed and the confiscation of illegal gains shall be used as a supplement to the administrative penalty system.For the identification standard of illegal gains,the standard that the illegal gains are illegal incomes shall be maintained with reasonable expenses or costs deducted.In addition,the confiscation of illegal gains shall be applied to more people than administrative penalty.In terms of procedure,the confiscation of illegal gains shall be subject to the system of explaining reasons and gathering opinions,and the summary procedure may also be applied under certain conditions.

关 键 词：违法所得 没收 行政处罚 

分 类 号：D[政治法律]