巴黎谈判中美国对越战争赔偿问题  

,The Issue of War Compensation in the Paris Negotiations between the U.S. and North Vietnam

作　　者：邵笑[1] Shao Xiao

机构地区：[1]暨南大学历史学系/冷战国际史研究中心

出　　处：《世界历史》2019年第5期12-26,151,152,共17页World History

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目“越南劳动党的战争与和平战略研究(1954—1976)”(项目编号:19JNYH03)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：为促使北越同意和谈,约翰逊政府提出对越赔偿问题。在巴黎谈判中,美国以援助为诱饵,试图推动和谈。然而,由于双方分歧严重,加之北越坚决要求美国给予"赔偿",而非"援助",巴黎谈判一度中断。此后,为掩护1972年的军事进攻,北越重新提出赔偿问题。但是,受美、中、苏三国关系的影响,巴黎谈判陷入困局。由于复活节攻势的受挫与美国的秘密承诺,北越再度积极谈判,最终签署《巴黎协定》,并就赔偿问题与美国达成共识。然而,在美军撤离南越后,美越双方都没有严格遵守协定,赔偿问题也不了了之。事实证明,美越两国在赔偿问题上的做法都是策略性的,北越从未为了获得赔偿而改变自己的决策。赔偿问题在推动巴黎谈判进程、尽快结束战争问题上发挥了一定的作用。The U. S. President,Lyndon Johnson,proposed to provide the aid in order to bring North Vietnam to the Peace Talks. Although North Vietnamese accepted his proposal and came to Paris in1968,they never took the U. S. bait of aid. First,North Vietnam demanded ‘war compensation ’rather than aid from the U. S. The divergence between the two sides led the talks to an impasse.Afterwards,North Vietnam re-introduced the issue of war compensation in Paris as a deception for covering its new offensive campaign in South Vietnam in 1972. This strategy,however,did not work and the Easter Offensive failed. Eventually,President Richard Nixon’s secret promises made great progress through a triangular relationship among the United States,the Soviet Union and China. After the Easter Offensive,North Vietnam actively negotiated about war compensation and signed the Paris Peace Agreement in early 1973. However,neither the U. S. nor North Vietnam abided by the agreement closely and the issue of war compensation came to nothing after the U. S. terminated its involvement in the Vietnam War. Nevertheless,the issue of war compensation still played a certain role in terms of negotiation agenda,bargaining positions,talk tactics,and the Cold War politics.

关 键 词：约翰逊政府 美越关系 越南战争 巴黎谈判 战争赔偿 

分 类 号：D92[政治法律—法学]