结构主义中主体的命运:从索绪尔到列维-斯特劳斯  

Subject Status in Structuralism:From Saussure to Levi-Strauss

作　　者：王晴锋[1] 李玮杰 Wang Qing-feng;Li Wei-Jie

机构地区：[1]中央民族大学

出　　处：《青海民族大学学报（社会科学版）》2019年第3期143-148,共6页Journal of Qinghai Minzu University：Social Sciences

摘　　要：结构主义以整体论的思维方式反对原子论并拒斥人本主义,它试图消解从笛卡尔到萨特一直支配着西方哲学传统的主体概念。在早期结构主义者那里,索绪尔的结构主义语言学强调语言结构的自主性,认为语言先于言语并决定其意义,这最终使主体化约为无足轻重之物而消失在话语之中。列维一斯特劳斯的基于二元对立统一和转换规则的结构主义人类学并没有为主体的绝对创新留下足够空间,因为结构的本质既定,仅是形式变化。列维-斯特劳斯的结构是一种原生性的、非历史的先在事实,这使他的主体观具有宿命论色彩。总体而言,结构主义批判逻各斯中心主义的主体观,以解构笛卡尔以来的主客二元论。Structuralism opposed atomism and reject humanism in a way of holism,it try to cancel the concept of Subject,which dominated western philosophical tradition from Descartes to Sartre.Among the early structuralists,Saussure’s linguistics focuses on the autonomy of language structure,considering langue prior to parole and decide the latter’s meaning,this finally make the subject reduced to nothing and disappeared in the discourse.Levi-Strauss’ s structuralist anthropology based on the unity of opposites and transformational rule,also didn’t leave much room for innovation,because structure’s nature was fixed,merely forms change.His structure is protogenic and a-historical preexistence,which makes his ideas of subject full of fatalism.In general,structuralism criticizes the logos-centrism,in order to de-construct the subject-object dualism from Descartes.

关 键 词：索绪尔 列维-斯特劳斯 主体 结构主义 人本主义 

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