女子拳击运动员心血管结构及功能的特征性变化  

The Characteristic Changes in Cardiovascular Structure and Function of Female Boxers

作　　者：李颖慧 石丽君[1] LI Yinghui;SHI Lijun(Beijing Sport University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]北京体育大学

出　　处：《体育科研》2019年第6期80-86,共7页Sport Science Research

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项基金（2018PT009）

摘　　要：目的:探究优秀女子拳击运动员心血管结构及功能的超声心动图特征,为女子拳击项目的运动员选材提供依据。方法:采用超声技术检查22名女子拳击运动员及15名普通女大学生的心血管结构及功能。结果:女子拳击运动员心率、收缩压与舒张压均低于普通组(P<0.05);女子拳击运动员左室舒张末期内径(LVIDd)、左室收缩末期内径(LVIDs)、左心室舒张期后壁厚度(LVPWd)、左室舒张末期内径/体表面积(LVIDd/BSA)、左室收缩末期内径/体表面积(LVIDs/BSA)、左心室质量(LVM)、左心室质量指数(LVMI)、左室舒张末期容积(EDV)、左室收缩末期容积(ESV)、每搏量(SV)、心输出量(CO)及心指数(CI)均显著大于普通组(P<0.05),但射血分数(EF)、左室短轴缩短率(FS%)显著小于普通组(P<0.05);女子拳击运动员颈动脉、肱动脉、桡动脉、股动脉的横截面积以及肱动脉和股动脉的内径均显著大于普通组(P<0.05),股动脉内中膜厚度高于普通组(P<0.05);肱动脉内皮依赖性舒张功能(FMD)女子拳击运动员显著优于普通组(P<0.05)。结论:优秀女子拳击运动员心血管的结构及功能在长期的训练后发生了适应性变化,表现在心室腔扩大、心室容量增加、动脉管腔的面积与内径增加,血管内皮舒张功能提高。Objective:To explore the echocardiographic characteristics of the cardiovascular structure and function of elite female boxers,and to provide a reference for the selection of female boxing talents.Subjects and methods:Echocardiography was used to study the cardiovascular structure and function of 22 female boxers and 15 ordinary female college students.Results:The heart rate and the systolic and diastolic blood pressure of the female boxers are lower than the control group(P<0.05).The LVIDd,LVIDs,LVPWd,LVIDd/BSA,LVIDs/BSA,LVM,LVMI,EDV,ESV,SV,CO and CI of the boxers are significantly higher than the control group(P<0.05),but the EF and FS are significantly lower than the control group(P<0.05).In addition,compared with the ordinary female,the cross-sectional area of carotid artery,brachial artery,radial artery,femoral artery and the inner diameter of brachial artery,femoral artery in the boxing group are all significantly larger than the control group(P<0.05).The IMT of femoral artery of the boxers is higher than that of the control group(P<0.05).The FMD of boxers is also significantly better than that of control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:The cardiovascular structure and function of elite female boxers have undergone adaptive changes after long-term training,featuring enlarged ventricular cavity,increased ventricular capacity,expanded arterial lumen area and inner diameter,and improved vascular endothelial diastolic function.

关 键 词：运动训练 拳击运动员 心血管结构 心血管功能 

分 类 号：G804[文化科学—运动人体科学]