“史论监督”:一种中国特色的政治监督机制溯源  

“Historical Record Supervision”: A Probe into the Origin of A Political Supervision Mechanism with Chinese Characteristics

作　　者：李东晓[1] 潘祥辉 Li Dongxiao;Pan Xianghui

机构地区：[1]浙江大学传媒与国际文化学院 [2]南京大学新闻传播学院

出　　处：《新闻与传播研究》2019年第10期105-125,128,共22页Journalism & Communication

摘　　要：博大精深的中国史学对世界文明的贡献不止于发明了一种自成体系的、连续性的记录方式,更在于它发展出了一种通过历史书写与传播来实现对现实政治的监督功能,即"史论监督"功能。"史论监督"是一种融历史的客观记录与史家的主观评价于一体的历史叙述方式,这种"史论合一"的叙述即可收政治监督之效。"孔子作《春秋》而乱臣贼子惧"就是这种"史论监督"功能的突出体现。"史论监督"是一种植根于中国特定历史传统与文化心理基础上的传播监督方式,极具特色。"史权天授""尊史崇古"及"敬畏文字"等文化传统,使得"史论监督"极具合法性和效力。"史论监督"无需诉诸"舆论"或大众传播,从监督方式、时效、范围及内在肌理而言都不同于"舆论监督"。在前大众传媒时代,中国特色的"史论监督"模式发挥了约束古代君权及官僚权力的作用。尽管秦汉以后"史权"旁落,但"史论监督"模式仍具效力。传统"史论监督"模式对近代以来中国新闻业及新闻理念的影响也不容忽视。Chinese historiography has made prominent contributions to world civilization. It not only created a selfcontained and continuous way of recording history,but also developed a function through history writing and spreading to supervise political reality,that is the function of "history record supervision". It is prominently represented by that "Confucians commented The Spring and Autumn Annals which scared treacherous ministers and traitors ". It means that in ancient China, the right of recording and communication is enough for historiographers to supervise political power,which is unique in world cultural history. Because of the cultural tradition of "the divine right of historiography"and "admiration for the past","history record supervision"is legitimate and effective. In addition,"history record supervision"is different from "public opinion supervision"in the dissemination mode,limitation period,spreading scope and the internal logic. In the era of pre-mass communication,the"history record supervision"with Chinese characteristics restricted the power of monarchies and bureaucrats,though after Qin and Han dynasties"the power of the historian"was sidelined. With the end of historiographers’ institution and rise of modern journalism,"history record supervision"is gradually replaced by "public opinion supervision",however,its remarkable influence of Chinese journalism and news ideas cannot be neglected.

关 键 词：史论监督 舆论监督 政治监督 政治传播 本土传播学 

分 类 号：I20[文学—中国文学]