美、德、英三国公共体育服务建设经验及启示  

Experience and Enlightenment of Public Sports Service Construction in America,Germany and United Kingdom

作　　者：李留东[1,2] 田林 杜浩楠 刘博 王家宏 LI Liudong;TIAN Lin;DU Haonan;LIU Bo;WANG Jiahong(School of PE,Ningbo University,Ningbo 315211,China;Post-Doctoral Station of Sports Studies,Soochow University,Suzhou 215021,China)

机构地区：[1]宁波大学体育学院,浙江宁波315211 [2]苏州大学体育学博士后流动站,江苏苏州215021

出　　处：《天津体育学院学报》2019年第6期466-473,485,共9页Journal of Tianjin University of Sport

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目(项目编号：14ATY003)

摘　　要：从组织保障、制度建设、场地设施、经费投入、健身指导和监督评估6个方面,对美、德、英三国公共体育服务建设情况进行分析,归纳其公共体育服务建设的经验,旨在为国内公共体育服务建设提供参考和借鉴。三国公共体育服务建设的经验是:政府宏观调控、多方社会力量参与的组织保障体系;完善的政策法规作为制度保障;多方位的运动场地设施供给;多元化的经费投入;体育指导管理的社会化与科学化;全面科学的绩效监督评估体系。对我国的启示是:构建多个政府职能部门协同参与的公共体育服务政府联动组织体系,加大对全国性体育社会组织的培育力度,扶持基层体育社团的发展;从多维度加强公共体育服务的法规与政策建设;加大基础体育设施的建设,可根据各地体育人口规模设置场地设施标准,在城市新建社区中做好体育设施的建设规划,加大企事业单位体育场地设施的开放力度;可根据GDP的一定比例设定政府公共体育经费的投入标准,鼓励社会资本投入公共体育服务建设;编制、普及推广科学的健身指导手册,丰富社会体育指导员的类别结构,开创多元化的资格认证渠道,打破体育指导员职业资格终身制;建立政府主导、社会组织广泛参与的监督评估组织体系和科学的监督评估制度,设置详细的评估指标体系,对公共体育活动状况进行定期监督评估。This study analyzed the experience of the construction of public sports service in America,Germany,United Kingdom from organizational guarantee,system construction,sports facilities,funds input,fitness guidance,supervision and evaluation,and to provide reference for domestic construction of public sports service. The experiences of public sports service construction in the three countries included the organizational guarantee system of the government’s macro regulation and control and the participation of various social forces;perfect policies and regulations as system guarantee;multifaceted supply of sports venues and facilities;the establishments of various funding mechanisms;socialization and scientific of fitness guidance management;comprehensive and scientific performance supervision and evaluation system. The enlightenment to our country has the following aspects:to construct a government-linked organization system of public sports service in which multiple government functional departments participate in coordination,to strengthen the cultivation of national sports social organizations,to support the development of grass-roots sports associations;to strengthen the construction of laws and policies of public sports services from multiple dimensions;to strengthen the construction of basic sports facilities which can be set up according to the size of sports population in different regions,facilities standards should be adopted to make good plans for the construction of sports facilities in newly built urban communities and to increase the opening of sports facilities in enterprises and institutions;government investment standards for public sports funds can be set according to a certain proportion of GDP,and social capital can be encouraged to invest in public sports service construction;scientific fitness guidance manuals should be compiled and popularized to enrich the classification of social sports instructors,establish a diversified channel of qualification certification,break the lifelong system of p

关 键 词：公共体育服务 组织保障 制度建设 场地设施 经费投入 健身指导 监督评估 

分 类 号：G80-05[文化科学—运动人体科学]