短期休牧对荒漠草原区家庭牧场植被及土壤性质的影响  

Impact of short-term rest-grazing on vegetation and soil characteristics of family ranch in desert steppe area

作　　者：傅理[1,2] 陆颖 谢应忠[1] 马红彬[1] 邢恩德[3] 田秀民[3] 聂明鹤 FU Li;LU Ying;XIE Yingzhong;MA Hongbin;XING Ende;TIAN Xiumin;NIE Minghe(College of Agriculture,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China;College of Xinhua,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China;Institute of Water Resources for Pastoral Area,Ministry of Water Resources,Hohhot 010020,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学农学院,银川750021 [2]宁夏大学新华学院,银川750021 [3]水利部牧区水利科学研究所,呼和浩特010020

出　　处：《浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）》2019年第5期563-573,共11页Journal of Zhejiang University:Agriculture and Life Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2016YFC0500505)

摘　　要：以内蒙古鄂托克前旗荒漠草原区家庭牧场为研究载体,以白刺+猪毛蒿群落、芨芨草+猪毛蒿群落及黑沙蒿+猪毛蒿群落为研究对象,设休牧1区(休牧与放牧时间均为7 d,RG1)、休牧2区(休牧与放牧时间均为14 d,RG2)、休牧3区(休牧与放牧时间均为21 d,RG3)和自由放牧区(连续放牧,CK)4个处理,分析在一个生长季内短期休牧对植被及土壤性质的影响。结果表明:1)各群落地上生物量均以RG3最高,除黑沙蒿+猪毛蒿群落中RG1与CK间差异不显著(P>0.05),其他群落各处理间差异均显著(P<0.05)。2)各群落中RG3的香农-维纳多样性指数均显著高于其他3个处理(P<0.05);均匀度指数在3种群落的各处理间差异均不显著(P>0.05);在白刺+猪毛蒿群落中RG3的丰富度指数显著高于RG1和CK(P<0.05),但与RG2间差异不显著(P>0.05),在芨芨草+猪毛蒿群落和黑沙蒿+猪毛蒿群落中RG3的丰富度指数均显著高于其他处理(P<0.05)。3)在芨芨草+猪毛蒿群落中,受降水季节分配和植被根系分布深浅等因素影响,不同处理对土壤水分的影响规律不够明显。4)同一土层、不同处理的土壤有机质和全氮含量差异均显著(P<0.01),其中RG3更有利于>10~40 cm土层的有机质积累,全氮含量与多样性指数呈极显著相关(P<0.01),与丰富度指数呈显著相关(P<0.05),与均匀度指数呈负相关。综上,在4个处理中,RG3更符合荒漠草原区家庭牧场天然草地放牧管理实际,更有利于脆弱草地的生态系统恢复和可持续利用。The experiment was conducted to analyze the impact of short-term rest-grazing on the vegetation and soil characteristics in a growing season,taking the family ranch in the desert steppe area of Etuokeqianqi,Inner Mongolia as the research carrier,and using the Nitraria tangutorum with the Artemisia scoparia community,Achnatherum splendens with A.scoparia community,and the Artemisia ordosica with A.scoparia community as the study objects.The experiment was divided into four zones,which included the rest-grazing zone 1(the rest time and grazing time were both 7 days,RG1),the rest-gazing zone 2(the rest time and grazing time were both 14 days,RG2),the rest-gazing zone 3(the rest time and grazing time were both 21 days,RG3),and the free grazing zone(continuous grazing,CK).The results were as follows.For the aboveground biomass,RG3 took the top one.Apart from the distinction between RG1 and CK in A.ordosica with A.scoparia community was not significant(P>0.05),other zones were significant(P<0.05).For the Shannon-Wiener diversity index,the value in each community treated by the RG3 was much higher than that in the other three zones(P<0.05).For the Pielou index,the distinction among the three communities was not significant(P>0.05).For the richness index,the value in the N.tangutorum with the A.scoparia community treated by the RG3 was significantly higher than that in the RG1 and CK(P<0.05),but it was not significant as compared with the RG2(P>0.05),and the values in the A.splendens with A.scoparia community and in the A.ordosica with A.scoparia community treated by the RG3 were significantly higher than those in the other communities(P<0.05).In the A.splendens with A.scoparia community,because of the allocation of rainfall in the different seasons and the distribution of the vegetation root system,different treatments did not show a very clear rule for the impact of the soil moisture.Meanwhile,the distinction of organic matter contents with different treatments at the same soil layer was significant,as well as the tota

关 键 词：荒漠草原 家庭牧场 植被 休牧 土壤养分 

分 类 号：S812.8[农业科学—草业科学]