农业效率与生态的冲突：基于分工视角的分析  

The Conflict Between Agricultural Efficiency and Ecology: An Analysis Based on Labor Division

作　　者：严火其[1] YAN Huoqi(Institute of Science,Technology and Social Development,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing,Jiangsu,210095)

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学科技与社会发展研究所

出　　处：《自然辩证法通讯》2019年第12期68-77,共10页Journal of Dialectics of Nature

摘　　要：分工是促进农业劳动生产率提高的主要因素。分工意味着生产的专业化、单一化和规模化。专业化、单一化、规模化的农业生产破坏土壤,污染环境,不利于农业的可持续发展。分工带来了农业繁荣,也带来了严重的环境危机。生态农业要求生产对象的多样性,它在本质上是逆分工的。生态农业多样性的生产活动保护环境,有利于可持续发展,但妨碍劳动生产率的提高。效率和生态都是人类所追求的,但农业效率和农业生态有着内在的矛盾。在市场经济条件下,市场的作用会自发地促进分工,促进劳动生产率的提高,但不会自发地促进生态环境的改善。生态和环境是公共产品,政府和社会在保护环境中扮演着重要角色。政府应该在协调效率与生态之间的矛盾中发挥关键性作用。The division of labor is an essential element for upgrading agricultural productivity, and it implies the professionalization, specialization and scope operation. These, however, may lead to soil erosion and environmental pollution, and is thus harmful to sustainable agricultural development. Ecological agriculture involves the diversity of production elements, and in nature is counter-labor-dividing. Diversified production is beneficial to environmental protection and sustainable agricultural development, but it prevents the increase of productivity. Both efficiency and ecological status are among the pursuits of mankind, but there exists a contradiction between them. In market economy, labor division and productivity are promoted by the market spontaneously. But the improvement of ecological status cannot be thus promoted. Ecological status is a public product, and as governments play an important role in protecting environment, they should also play a key role in resolving the contradiction between efficiency and ecological status.

关 键 词：分工 农业劳动生产率 生态农业 农业可持续发展 

分 类 号：N0[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]