我国特别重大生产安全事故的宏观演变规律和防控模型  

Macroscopic Evolution Rules and Prevention Model of Extraordinarily Serious Work Safety Accidents in China

作　　者：李湖生[1] LI Husheng(China Academy of Safety Science and Technology,Beijing 100012,China)

机构地区：[1]中国安全生产科学研究院

出　　处：《安全》2019年第11期1-8,88,共8页Safety & Security

基　　金：十三五国家重点研发计划项目（2017YFC0804900)

摘　　要：为了解我国特别重大生产安全事故的演变规律,研究有效的事故防控模型,分析了1950-2018年我国特别重大生产安全事故的主要特点和发展变化规律;针对现有事故防控理论模型的不足,提出了以人员安全保护为核心目标的特别重大生产安全事故防控和人员安全多重保护理论模型,并简要介绍了应用该理论模型开展工业园区、内河水上交通和城市轨道交通特别重大生产安全事故防控和人员安全保护技术和装备研究的情况。研究表明:传统事故预防模型存在对事故发生后的人员安全保护不重视的问题;通过研发和应用监测预警、预警通知、人员疏散、就地避难等人员安全保护技术措施,可有效保护人员安全和减少人员伤亡,从而更好地防控重特大事故的发生。In order to understand the evolution law of China's extraordinarily serious work safety accidents,study effective accident prevention model,this paper analyzes the main characteristics and evolution rules of China's extraordinarily serious work safety accidents from 1950 to 2018.Aiming at the shortcomings of the existing theory and models of accident prevention and control,a new theoretical model of major accidents prevention and multiple-layer safety protection of personnel is proposed,with personnel safety protection as the core purpose;and briefly introduces the application of the theory model to carry out researches on the technology and equipments for major accidents prevention and control as well as personnel safety protection of the industrial parks,inland water transportation and urban rail transportation.Research results reveals that:The traditional accident prevention model does not pay much attention to the safety protection of accident victims.Through the research and development and application of the monitoring and early warning and notice,personnel evacuation,local shelter and other personnel safety protection technical measures,can effectively protect personnel safety and reduce casualties,so as to better prevent and control the occurrence of extraordinarily serious and major accidents.

关 键 词：特别重大生产安全事故 事故防控 风险管控 事故隐患 人员安全保护 

分 类 号：X913.4[环境科学与工程—安全科学]