富县退耕还林生态效益评价  

Valuation of Ecological Benefits of the Returning Farmland to Forest Project in Fuxian County

作　　者：张巧红 冯艳霞 刘艳[3] ZHANG Qiao-hong;FENG Yan-xia;LIU Yan(Fuxian Forestry Station of Fuxian County in Shaanxi Province,Fuxian 727500,China;Fuxian Forest Park Administration Office of Fuxian County in Shaanxi Province,Fuxian 727500,China;Maiji County Forestry Bureau in Gansu Province,Tianshui 741020,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西省延安市富县林业工作站,富县727500 [2]陕西省延安市富县鄜州森林公园管理办公室,富县727500 [3]甘肃省天水市麦积区林业局,天水741020

出　　处：《温带林业研究》2018年第4期52-57,共6页Journal of Temperate Forestry Research

摘　　要：生态效益的评估不仅是退耕还林工程有效性评价的重要环节,也是新一轮工程实施的重要理论基础。为了对陕西富县在退耕还林工作开展以来所取得的生态效益进行评价,通过统计自1999年以来县内退耕还林面积等有效数据,采用影子工程法和影子价格法,对该县退耕还林在涵养水源、固碳释氧、净化空气和保护生物多样性四个方面的生态效益价值做了计算与评价,获得的结论数据,可为当地退耕还林工程的宏观管理决策提供理论依据。截至到2017年底,富县共完成退耕还林工程营造林19 627 hm^2,计算结果表明,富县退耕还林工程取得了显著的生态效益,项目实施后所产生的生态效益总价值为250 649.38万元,且随着退耕年限的增长而增加,为当地经济和社会的发展起到了积极的推动作用,其中:固碳释氧(153 779.67万元)>保护生物多样(67 270.76万元)>涵养水源(26440.93万元)>净化空气(3 158.02万元),且分别占总生态效益价值的比重为61.35%,26.84%,10.55%和1.26%,表明富县退耕还林工程中,固碳释氧生态效益价值最高,净化空气价值最低,说明退耕还林工程对富县区域水资源保护和缓解或消除局部缺氧、改善局部地区空气质量具有明显的促进作用。此外,三种植被恢复类型中,以退耕地的生态效益价值最高(119 024.87万元),其次为益林荒山荒地(108 380.48万元),封育的生态效益价值最低(23244.08万元)。The evaluation for ecological benefits is not only the important link to the effectiveness of evaluation on returningfarmland to forest project,but also is an important theoretical base for new project implementation. In order to evaluate theecological benefits of the returning farmland to forest project in Fuxian county,Shaanxi province,after collecting the vailddata of the returning farmland to forest project since 1999,we calculated and assessed its valuation of ecological benefitsfor water conservation,carbon fixation and oxygen release,air purification and biodiversity protection by using shadowproject and shadow price. The conclusive data can be theoretical basis for the macro-magement and decision in area projectand returning farmland to forest. Until the end of 2017,Fuxian has finished afforestation about 19 627 hm2 in the projectof returning farmland to forest,and the computed results showed that project has achieved obvious ecological benefits,the total ecological benefits value of the returning farmland to forest project is 2.51 billion yuan,and the total value is risingwith the increase of the afforestation age,which had the positive effects for promoting the development of local economicsand society. The variation of that four ecological functions value is carbon fixation and oxygen release(1.51 billion yuan)> biodiversity protection(672.71 million yuan) > water conservation(264.41 million yuan) > air purification(31.58 million yuan),the proportion is 61.35%,26.84%,10.55% and 1.26%,respectively,which demonstrated that carbonfixation and oxygen has the highest ecological benefits value,and air purification has the lowest,and the returning farmlandto forest has great significance for the protection of water resource and the improvement of air quality in this area. Besides,the ecosystem services of afforestation on wasteland(1.19 billion yuan) and barren hills(1.08 billion yuan)was thehighest,and the closing hillsides(232.44 million yuan)to facilitate afforestation was the lowest.

关 键 词：退耕还林 生态效益 富县 影子工程 

分 类 号：S718.56[农业科学—林学]