我国流域生态环境管理体制:变革与发展  

The System of China’s Watershed Eco-environmental Management: Change and Development

作　　者：王清军[1] Wang Qingjun(Law School,Central China Normal University,Wuhan 430079)

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学法学院

出　　处：《华中师范大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2019年第6期75-86,共12页Journal of Central China Normal University:Humanities and Social Sciences

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目“水生态补偿机制研究”(16JZD015)

摘　　要：我国流域生态环境管理体制变革经历了形成、受挫和调整等三个时期。从应急管理再到形式法治主义的变革路径为流域生态环境管理机构的实质合法化提供一种规范性和程序性的框架体系。流域生态环境管理"双重领导"体制弥补了流域环境治理的结构性缺陷和维持权力配置的相对平衡,但仍需结合流域经济社会发展状况进行不断调整。水行政主管部门和生态环境主管部门之间协作关系的规范化是"双重领导"机制正常运行的制度保障。我国流域生态环境管理体制变革动力主要包括科层压力性机制和公众参与机制,压力性机制保证了体制变革的适应性,公众参与机制能够促使体制变革保持开放性。七大国家重要流域生态环境管理局是国家生态环境部的派出机构,是部门规章授权且相对独立的行政组织,承担着统筹协调省级政府间共同协商制定相同环境标准,监督流域水污染防治规划的有效履行,实施统一流域生态环境综合执法活动等法定职责。The system of China’s watershed eco-environmental management has undergone three stages:formation,frustration and adjustment.The change path from emergency management to the formal rule of law provides a normative and procedural framework for the substantive legalization of watershed eco-environmental management institutions. The "double leadership" system makes up for the defects of watershed eco-environmental governance and maintains the relative balance of power allocation,but it still needs to be adjusted frequently.The standardization of the cooperation between the water administration department and the eco-environmental department is the institutional guarantee for the normal operation of the "double leadership" system. The eco-environmental management bureau of the seven major national watershed is the dispatched agency of the ministry of ecology and environment,and it is an independent administrative organization authorized by departmental regulations.It takes the responsibilities including coordinating the consultation and formulation of standards for the same environment among provincial governments,supervising the effective implementation of water pollution prevention and control plans,implementing comprehensive law enforcement activities for the eco-environment in watershed.

关 键 词：流域水资源保护机构 流域生态环境管理机构 法治主义 双重领导 公众参与 

分 类 号：D92[政治法律—法学]