黑土区农地集水区次降雨径流与输沙特征研究  

Characteristics of runoff and sediment yield for rainfall events of farmland catchment in black soil region

作　　者：胡伟 翟星雨 李浩[1] 乔宝玲 张兴义[1] HU Wei;ZHAI Xingyu;LI Hao;QIAO Baoling;ZHANG Xingyi(Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology,Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology,CAS,Harbin 150081,China;School of Resources and Environmental Sciences,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所黑土区农业生态重点实验室,黑龙江哈尔滨150081 [2]东北农业大学资源与环境学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150030

出　　处：《土壤与作物》2019年第4期405-414,共10页Soils and Crops

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC0504200);国家自然科学基金项目(41701313)

摘　　要：水力侵蚀是诱发黑土区侵蚀发生发展的首要因素,研究次降雨条件下产流、产沙特征对水力侵蚀的防控具有重要意义。本文通过野外实地监测,分析农地集水区次降雨径流与输沙特征。结果表明:观测期内,有径流记录的降雨事件为12次,降雨等级主要为中雨、大雨和暴雨。初始产流时间随降雨等级表现不同,中雨时初始产流时间大多出现在降雨后期,而大雨和暴雨时,初始产流时间大多出现在降雨过程中的初始期和中期。不同降雨等级下累积径流深、径流系数和累积输沙量表现不同,累积径流深和径流系数表现为:大雨>暴雨>中雨,累积输沙量表现为:大雨>中雨>暴雨。集水区内大部分泥沙由6场降雨事件产生,对总径流量和总输沙量的贡献分别为90.6%和87.0%。基于12次有径流的降雨事件,不同降雨等级对径流的贡献表现为:大雨>暴雨>中雨,对输沙量的贡献表现为:大雨>中雨>暴雨。偏最小二乘回归分析显示,径流相关变量最大径流率Q max是对总径流量和总输沙量贡献最大的因子,变量权重系数VIP值分别达1.490和1.629。Water erosion is the primary factor to induce the occurrence and development of soil erosion in black soil region of northeast China.Study concerning the characteristics of runoff and sediment yield for rainfall events is of great significance to the prevention and control of water erosion.Based on field observation,we analyzed runoff and sediment yield characteristics of farmland catchment area for rainfall events.The results showed that there were 12 rainfall events initiating surface runoff,including moderate rain,heavy rain and storm rain.For moderate rain,initial runoff occurrence mostly appeared by the end of rainfall;while for heavy rain and storm rain mostly appeared in the early and middle stage of rainfall.Furthermore,cumulative runoff depth,runoff coefficient and sediment yield under different precipitation grades were different.Cumulative runoff depth and runoff coefficient were all in the order of heavy rain>storm rain>moderate rain;while cumulative sediment yield was in the order of heavy rain>moderate rain>storm rain.In addition,a large proportion of sediment yield was produced by 6 rainfall events.The precipitation of the 6 rainfall events was with a contribution of 90.6%and 87.0%to total runoff and total sediment yield,respectively.Based on 12 rainfall events,the contribution of precipitation grades to runoff and sediment yield was in the order of heavy rain>storm rain>moderate rain,and heavy rain>moderate rain>storm rain,respectively.According to the partial least-square method,maximum runoff rate was the greatest contribution factor for total runoff and sediment yield,with 1.490 and 1.629 of the variable importance(VIP)value respectively.

关 键 词：次降雨 降雨等级 径流 输沙 东北黑土区 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]