钾肥对现蕾期海法白三叶光合特性及根系形态的影响  

Effects of Potassium Fertilizer on the Photosynthesis and Root Morphology of Trifolium repens L.cv.Haifa in Squaring Stage

作　　者：焦美章 薛世明[2] 罗鑫 蔡明[2,3] 牟兰 黄梅芬[2] 侯洁琼[2] 张美艳 JIAO Meizhang;XUE Shiming;LUO Xin;CAI Ming;MU Lan;HUANG Meifen;HOU Jieqiong;ZHANG Meiyan(Department of Grass Science,Faculty of Animal Science and Technology,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming 650201,China;Yunnan Academy of Grassland and Animal Science,Kunming 650212,China;College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730020,China)

机构地区：[1]云南农业大学动物科学技术学院草业科学系,云南昆明650201 [2]云南省草地动物科学研究院,云南昆明650212 [3]兰州大学草地农业科技学院,甘肃兰州730020

出　　处：《云南农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2019年第6期1084-1089,共6页Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University:Natural Science

基　　金：云南省中青年学术和技术带头人后备人才项目（2019HB035）;国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项基金（CARS-34）;云南省现代农业草产业技术体系草地生态岗位专项基金（2017KJTX0018）;云南省“云岭产业技术领军人才”（云发改人事〔2015〕1495号）项目资助

摘　　要：【目的】探讨不同钾肥水平对盆栽现蕾期海法白三叶(Trifolium repens L.cv.Haifa)光合特性、生物量及根系形态的影响。【方法】设置0、60、120、180、240和300 kg/hm^2 (以K2SO4计算) 6个施钾水平处理的盆栽试验,测定海法白三叶植株的光合参数及根系形态指标。【结果】(1)施钾60 kg/hm^2可显著提高植株叶片的叶绿素含量(P<0.05),比对照增加11.56%;施钾肥120 kg/hm^2可显著提高植株叶片的净光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率(P<0.05),分别比对照增加29.04%、45.03%和77.17%,且可有效降低植株叶片的胞间CO2浓度(P<0.05),比对照减少2.24%。(2)施钾120 kg/hm^2可明显提高植株的根干重、地上部干重和根冠比(P<0.05),分别比对照增加25.55%、17.31%和7.25%。(3)施钾60 kg/hm^2可显著提高植株的总根长及根系活力(P<0.05),分别比对照增加13.10%和29.82%;施钾120 kg/hm^2可明显提高植株的总根表面积、总根体积和根系可溶性糖含量(P<0.05),分别比对照增加33.10%、20.00%和31.00%,但施钾对白三叶根系平均直径的影响不显著(P>0.05)。【结论】在中钾酸性土壤中,种植海法白三叶推荐施钾量为60~120 kg/hm^2。[Purpose]To study the effects of different potassium fertilizer levels on the photosynthesis, biomass and root morphology of Trifolium repens L.cv.Haifa in potted squaring stage.[Method]Pot experiments of six potassium levels were carried out with 0, 60, 120, 180, 240, 300 kg/hm^2(calculated as K2 SO4) using T. repens L.cv.Haifa as the test material, and the photosynthetic parameters and root morphological indexes of the plants were measured.[Result](1) Potassium fertilizer application of 60 kg/hm^2 significantly increased the chlorophyll content of leaves(P< 0.05), which was 11.56% higher than the control, the application of potassium fertilizer was 120 kg/hm^2 significantly increased the photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of the leaves(P<0.05), which increased by 29.04%, 45.03% and 77.17%, respectively, compared with the control, and the intercellular carbon dioxide concentration of plant leaves was effectively reduced(P< 0.05), with a decrease of 2.24% compared with the control.(2) The application of potassium fertilizer 120 kg/hm^2 could significantly increase the root dry weight, shoot dry weight and root shoot ratio of the plants(P< 0.05), which increased by 25.55%, 17.31% and 7.25%, respectively, compared with the control.(3) Potassium application of 60 kg/hm^2 significantly increased the total root length and root activity of the plants(P< 0.05), which were 13.10% and 29.82% higher than the control, respectively;potassium fertilizer application of 120 kg/hm^2 could significantly increase the total root surface area, total root volume and soluble sugar content of root(P<0.05), respectively increasing by 33.10%, 20.00% and31.00% compared with the control, but the influence of potassium fertilizer application on the average root diameter of T. repens L.cv.Haifa was not significant(P>0.05).[Conclusion]In the medium-potassium acidic soil, the recommended potassium fertilizer application level of the T. repens L.cv.Haifa is 60-120 kg/hm^2.

关 键 词：白三叶 钾肥 光合参数 生物量 根系 

分 类 号：S541.201[农业科学—作物学]