兰科植物的起源和进化  

The origin and evolution of Orchids

作　　者：陆祥家 兰思仁[1,2] 蔡文杰 刘仲健 LU Hsiangchia;LAN Siren;TSAI Wenchieh;LIU Zhongjian(Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou,Fujian 350002,China;College of Landscape Architecture,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou,Fujian 350002,China;Orchid Research and Development Center,Cheng Kung University,Tainan,Taiwan 701,China;Institute of Tropical Plant Sciences,Cheng Kung University,Tainan,Taiwan 701,China;Department of Life Sciences,Cheng Kung University,Tainan,Taiwan 701,China;College of Forestry,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510640,China)

机构地区：[1]福建农林大学兰科植物保护与利用国家林业和草原局重点实验室,福建福州350002 [2]福建农林大学园林学院,福建福州350002 [3]台湾成功大学兰科植物研究和发展中心,台湾台南701 [4]台湾成功大学热带植物科学研究所,台湾台南701 [5]台湾成功大学生命科学学院,台湾台南701 [6]华南农业大学林学院,广东广州510640

出　　处：《福建农林大学学报（自然科学版）》2019年第6期688-694,共7页Journal of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University:Natural Science Edition

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(31870199);国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD1000401);国家林业局兰科重点实验室建设项目(115/118990050、115/KJG18016A);广东省自然科学基金资助项目(2017A030312004)

摘　　要：基因组学研究证实,现存5个亚科的兰科植物都是由一个共同的祖先进化而来的.比较基因组学和转录组学证据表明,MADS-box基因家族在兰科植物花形态的演化中起着至关重要的作用.MβMADS-box基因的丢失,致使现有兰科植物的种子无胚乳.拟兰亚科丢失了B-AP3和E类旁系同源基因,导致它们的花返祖到原始状态;而树兰亚科丢失了MIKC*类的P-亚类基因,致花粉凝结成花粉块.此外,AGL12基因的丢失和ANR1基因的收缩使兰科植物能够成功附生在树木或岩石上.花粉块和附生习性的形成都增加了兰科植物的适应性.因此,树兰亚科(约20000种)比拟兰亚科(17种)进化出更多的物种.基因组学研究为揭示兰科的进化历史及花形态进化的遗传机制提供了新的视角.Genomics studies report that all 5 subfamilies of existing orchids evolved from a common ancestor.Comparative genomics and transcriptome analysis reveal that MADS-box genes play a vital role in the morphological evolution of orchids.The loss of MβMADS-box genes resulted in the absence of endosperm from the orchids seed.The missing of B-AP3 and E class paralogue genes in Apostasioideae led to the reversion of perianth back to the ancestral state.The loss of P-subclade members of MIKC*-type in Epidendroideae gave rise to the formation of pollinium.Moreover,the loss of AGL12 and contraction of ANR1 empowered orchids to be successfully epiphytic on trees or rocks.Both pollinium and epiphytic production on trees enhance the adaptability of orchid.Therefore,Epidendroideae evolved more species than Apostasioideae,which is around 20000 versus 17.Genome studies shed new light on the evolutionary history of orchids and the genetic mechanisms of orchid morphological evolution.

关 键 词：兰科植物 进化 发育 分子机制 

分 类 号：S682.31[农业科学—观赏园艺]