作物育种团队融入国家南繁战略布局思考  

A Ponder on the Integration of Crop Breeding Teams into the National South Breeding Strategic Layout

作　　者：史国红 阮燕晔[1] 王海龙[1] 于洪飞[2] SHI Guo-hong;RUAN Yan-ye;WANG Hai-long;YU Hong-fei(Academy of Scientific Research,Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang 110161,Liaoning Province,China;Editorial Department of Journal,Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang 110161,Liaoning Province,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学科学研究院,辽宁沈阳110161 [2]沈阳农业大学学报编辑部,辽宁沈阳110161

出　　处：《沈阳农业大学学报（社会科学版）》2019年第4期398-402,共5页Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University(Social Sciences Edition)

摘　　要：玉米、水稻、小麦、棉花和大豆等主要作物,以及蔬菜花卉育种效率不仅依赖于优良基因的高效组配方式,也依赖于周年多季加代的北种南繁、穿梭育种和异地育种等方法。20世纪50年代末期,沈阳农业大学徐天锡教授倡议,并与中国农业科学院辽宁分院合作,在仲恺、湛江、南宁和海口等地具体实施了作物北种南繁科学试验,从而引发了中国作物育种南繁的科研热潮。尽管国家南繁战略实施过程中遇到缺乏全局性协作机制、基层组织与农民关系需要协调,来自全国各地的南繁机构各自为战,与当地政府和农民关系有待加强,南繁土地权属及其试验租用困难加大,导致南繁的农业安全、生物安全和生态安全问题凸显。但进入21世纪南繁被列入国家粮食安全发展中最关键的国家发展战略支撑内容之一,在海南三亚、陵水和乐东划定和设立国家南繁基地,旨在保障中国人的饭碗必须稳稳地端在自己的手里,并为高等农业院校和农业科研院所等作物育种团队提供了快速发展育种创新的机遇期。因此,高等农业院校和农业科研院所应该积极响应国家的号召,尤其作物育种团队尽快融入国家南繁战略规划布局,加快农业创新发展步伐,为国家粮食安全、生物安全和生态安全贡献力量。The breeding efficiency of maize,rice,wheat and soybean,etc,as well as vegetables and flowers,depends not only on the efficient combination of good genes,but also on such breeding methods as seeds from the north breeding in the south,shuttle breeding and native seeds breeding in other geographic regions,which can be implemented in multi-season and multi-generation ways annually.In the 1950s,Professor Xu Tianxi of Shenyang Agricultural University initiated and implemented the method of the crop seeds from the north breeding in the south,which triggered the upsurge of scientific research that the crop seeds from all over the country breeding in the south in China in the 20th century.In the 21st century,the Nanfan method has been listed as one of the most critical national development strategies in the national food security strategy.National Nanfan bases have been delimited and established in such places of Hainan Provinces as Lingshui,Sanya,Ledong,etc.The aims of doing so are ensure that Chinese people live mainly on the food they themselves produce,not depending on foreign food and provide a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity for the rapid development and breeding innovation of such crop breeding teams as agricultural institutes of higher learning and their institutions of scientific research.Therefore,institutions of higher learning and their institutions of scientific research,especially rn crop breeding teams,should boldly go where no has gone before in spite of the facts that the implementation of the national Nanfan strategy.Agricultural colleges and universities and their research units should integrate themselves into the the national Nanfan strategic planning and layout situated in the Hainan island as soon as possible so as to catch up with the national innovation and development and make contribution to the country’s food security,biological security and ecological security.

关 键 词：徐天锡 北种南育 南繁 穿梭育种 国家南繁战略 粮食安全 生态安全 沈阳农业大学 

分 类 号：F306.3[经济管理—产业经济]