“西南”的消失：基于北伐前后粤路管理体制嬗变的考察  

The Disintgeration of “Southwest”:A Survey Based on Gradual Change in Management System of Guangdong Railway Corporation before and after the North-Bound Expedition

作　　者：马陵合[1] Ma Linghe

机构地区：[1]安徽师范大学经济管理学院

出　　处：《学术研究》2019年第11期110-120,178,共12页Academic Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“路权视野下的近代中国铁路技术转移与自主化进程研究”（19BZS058）的阶段性成果

摘　　要：清末民初,广东铁路独立性比较强,是西南作为半独立政治区域的一个显性符号。政治意义的西南与铁路的关系实质上就是以广东为主体的地方实力派对铁路的排他性控制。广东铁路向西南其他省区的延伸,成为西南内部强化联络的重要目标。但是,护法军政府及其后来的西南政务委员会因自身实力不够,以广东铁路为基础的西南铁路网难以付诸实践。北伐前后,南方革命政府与南京国民政府将粤路国有作为消解广东地方势力的主要工具,但受到广东地方实力派的阻挠,历经波折,只得通过“官督商办”等形式弱化地方对铁路的掌控。粤汉铁路贯通后,中央政府凭借技术与资本优势,使历经多年的国有省有之争划上句号,广东铁路不再是全国铁路网的化外之地。因失去交通网络的支撑,加之诸如两广事变解决等其他因素的影响,广东逐渐淡出政治版图意义上的西南,也难保其政治上半独立的地位。In the late Qing dynasty and the early phase of Republic of China,Guangdong Railway Corporation was known for its considerable independence,a highly visible symbol of the southwest as a politically semi-independent region.Politically,the interrelationship between the southwest and Guangdong Railway Corporation was,in essence,Guangdong-dominated local industrialists’exclusive control of the railway-related business operation.The extension of the Guangdong railway to other provinces in the southwest became an important goal for strengthening liaison within the southwest.However,the southwestern railway network based on the Guangdong railway could not be established because of the limited power of law-enforcement military government and the subsequent Southwestern Committee on Political Affairs.Before and after the North-Bound Expedition,the Southern Revolutionary Government and the Nanjing National Government used conversion of private ownership of Guangdong Railway Corporation into public ownership as a major tool to diminish the local forces in Guangdong.However,due to the interference of the local powers in Guangdong,they had to undergo a series of ups and downs,and weaken the local control of railways supervised by the government and run by the merchants.After the construction of the Canton-Hankow Railway,the central government drew on its technological and capital advantages for termination of the long-standing battle between call for stateownership and that for provincial ownership.The Guangdong Railway Corporation was no longer independent of the national railway network.Due to the loss of support from the transportation network and the impact of other factors such as the settlement of thorny issues resulting from the Guangdong and Guangxi Incident,,Guangdong gradually faded away from the southwest in the political map,and difficult to maintain its political semi-independent status.

关 键 词：西南 粤路 路政统一 

分 类 号：K262.34[历史地理—历史学]