毒代-毒效动力学模型及其在金属水生态风险评估中的应用研究进展  

APPLICATION OF TOXICOKINETIC-TOXICODYNAMIC MODELS IN AQUATIC ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT FOR METALS

作　　者：冯剑丰[1] 高永飞 朱景雪 何安 杨岚鹏 张燕[1] 朱琳[1] FENG Jian-feng;GAO Yong-fei;ZHU Jing-xue;HE An;YANG Lan-peng;ZHANG Yan;ZHU Lin(Key Laboratory of Pollution Process and Environmental Criteria of Ministry of Education,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Technology for Complex Trans-Media Pollution,Nankai University,Tianjin 300071,China)

机构地区：[1]南开大学教育部环境污染过程与基准重点实验室天津市跨介质复合污染环境治理技术重点实验室

出　　处：《环境工程》2019年第11期10-18,124,共10页Environmental Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金:基于毒代-毒效动力学(TK-TD)过程的水环境重金属联合毒性机制及预测模型研究(41877498);中国博士后科学基金:重金属对不同发育阶段生物毒性外推TK-TD模型研究(BS6519015)

摘　　要：金属污染呈现出复合性、空间时间可变性、受环境因素等影响的特点。目前金属的水质基准及生态风险评价仍是以室内简化暴露条件(单一金属恒定浓度短期暴露)下的毒性数据为基础,忽视了实际环境中复杂的暴露特征,从而增加了重金属毒性预测与风险评估的不确定性。污染物的环境效应模型是环境基准和风险评估的基础和核心技术,目前常用的浓度(剂量)-效应模型是基于静态的统计关系所建立的,无法揭示污染物的效应过程,也不能有效进行复杂暴露条件下的生态效应评估。概述了近年来在环境与生态毒理学领域逐渐被广泛关注的毒代-毒效动力学(toxicokinetics-toxicodynamics,TK-TD)模型的基本概念及构建理论与方法,介绍了TK-TD模型在水环境重金属毒性预测及风险评估方面的应用研究进展,并对TK-TD模型的发展趋势进行了展望。Metal pollution is characterized by its complexity,spatial time variability,and influenced by environmental factors.At present,the water quality criteria and ecological risk assessment of metals are still based on the toxicity data under simplified exposure conditions(single metal,short-term exposure with constant concentration)in laboratory,ignoring the complex exposure characteristics of the actual environment,thereby increasing the uncertainty of toxicity prediction and risk assessment of heavy metals.The environmental effects model is the basis and core technology of environmental criteria and risk assessment of pollutants.The commonly used concentration(dose)-effect model is based on static statistical relationships,can not reveal the effect process of pollutants,or further assess ecological effects under complex exposure conditions of pollutants.This paper summarized the basic concepts and theories of the toxicokinetics-toxicodynamics(TK-TD)model,which had been widely concerned in the field of environmental and ecotoxicological research in recent years,and introduced application progress of the TK-TD model in the heavy metal toxicity prediction and risk assessment in water environment,and then prospected the development trend of TK-TD model.

关 键 词：毒代动力学 毒效动力学 金属 风险评估 水生态系统 

分 类 号：TP3[自动化与计算机技术—计算机科学与技术]