螺旋高分子孔道材料的研究进展  

Recent Progress on Pore-Containing Helical Polymer Materials

作　　者：王莹[1,2] 陈新元[2] 李汶灿 张晨阳 董泽元 WANG Ying;CHEN Xinyuan;LI Wencan;ZHANG Chenyang;DONG Zeyuan(Beijing Institute of Technology,Zhuhai 519088,Guangdong,China;College of Chemistry,Jilin University,Changchun 130012,China)

机构地区：[1]北京理工大学珠海学院,广东珠海519088 [2]吉林大学化学学院,长春130012

出　　处：《功能高分子学报》2019年第6期696-704,共9页Journal of Functional Polymers

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(21722403;21574054)

摘　　要：含孔道的螺旋高分子是一类独特的高分子材料。目前已报道的含孔道的螺旋高分子种类较少,主要以氢键、静电相互作用等来诱导刚性高分子骨架以螺旋方式折叠而得到。螺旋高分子孔道的合成困难,制约了这类材料的快速发展。因此,亟待解决的是发展螺旋高分子孔道的合成方法,制备结构丰富的螺旋高分子孔道。鉴于螺旋高分子孔道的独特结构,它们在分子识别、对映体拆分、不对称催化、传感检测等领域具有重要的应用前景。本文简要概述了含孔道螺旋高分子的研究进展,重点阐述其结构特征、设计理念、结构类型以及在仿生输运功能与膜分离材料方面的应用潜力。Porous materials display many important applications in our daily life.Usually,the applications of porous materials largely depend on the properties and structures of the pores.Although the study of porous materials has been of several decades,the features and functions of porous materials are still unpredictable.Indeed,the function-directed design of porous materials remains challenging.A“bottom-up”preparation method will be promising to make progress in the filed of porous materials,wherein porous materials are composed of preorganized pore structures.Therefore,it is crucial to create preorganized pores for the preparation of porous materials.Recently,pore-containing helical polymers have been developed as specific advanced functional polymer materials,and have attracted much attention owing to their potential applications in various fields such as molecular recognition,isomer separation,asymmetric catalysis,sensing,enantioseparation,delivery,and sequencing.Typically,these helical structures were spontaneously formed by folding of polymeric chains driven by intramolecular noncovalent interactions,such as hydrogen bonding,electrostatic interactions,and π-π interactions.In general,the pore structures strongly relied on the stability of helical conformation,thus the helical polymers with rigid backbones were required.The pore-containing helical polymers can be further used as preorganized pore structures for the preparation of porous materials through a“bottom-up”preparation approach.In this review,the recent progress on pore-containing helical polymer materials is outlined.In particular,the structural features and designing strategies of pore-containing helical polymers will be emphasized,and a few examples on pore-containing helical polymers have been highlighted.Additionally,these helical polymers show very important properties,such as biomimetic transmembrane transport,and can be applied in the development of advanced membrane materials.

关 键 词：螺旋高分子 螺旋孔道 分子折叠 物质传输 膜材料 

分 类 号：O63[理学—高分子化学]