添加生物炭对降低冬小麦幼苗盐害并促进其生长的效果研究  

Effects of Biochar for Abating Salt Stress and Promoting Seeding Growth of Winter Wheat in a Saline Soil

作　　者：校康 孙亚乔 马卫国 XIAO Kang;SUN Yaqiao;MAWeiguo(School of Environmental Science and Engineering,Chang’an University,Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effect in Arid Region of Ministry of Education,Xi’an 710000,China;Third Middle Schoolof Pucheng,Weinan 715505,China)

机构地区：[1]长安大学环境科学与工程学院旱区地下水文与生态效应教育部重点实验室,西安710000 [2]蒲城县第三高级中学,陕西渭南715505

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2019年第11期22-27,共6页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41877190)

摘　　要：黄河三角洲盐碱农田具有"盐、板、瘦"的特点,以NaCl为主要成分的盐渍危害直接影响着滨海土壤质量。生物炭添加可改善土壤性质,促进作物生长。【目的】明晰炭添加对盐渍土盐分离子和冬小麦幼苗生长的影响。【方法】研究依托田间试验探究了低剂量(0~4 g/kg)的芦苇炭添加对盐渍土盐离子、麦苗体内钾钠比、钾素利用率及幼苗生物量的影响。【结果】施用生物炭可降低土壤溶液中的盐离子、增加冬小麦幼苗体内钾钠比和麦苗钾素利用率,有助于提升幼苗生物量;以4 g/kg炭添加量下的降盐、增量效果最为明显。土壤溶液中的Na+较CK降低了9.43%,幼苗K/Na和钾素利用率分别提升了56.80%和25.48%,麦苗生物量增加了15.72%。【结论】炭添加可通过固持土壤溶液中的Na+、提升麦苗K/Na和钾素利用率来促进其生物量的增加。研究可为生物炭用于盐渍土改良的降盐培肥和增效增产的过程机理提供理论依据,为生物炭用于盐渍化土壤改良的可行性提供初步指导。The surface soil of the Yellow River Delta is rich in salt, which makes the soil salinized, compact and barren. The salinization hazard with NaCl as the main component directly affects the quality of coastal soil. Adding biochar to saline-alkali farmland can improve soil properties and promote crop growth.【Objective】The purpose of this paper is to clarify the changes of soil salt ions and winter wheat seedling growth after adding biochar to saline soil.【Method】A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of low dose(0~4 g/kg) of Reed carbon on soil salt ions, potassium-sodium ratio in wheat seedlings, potassium utilization efficiency and seedling biomass.【Result】The application of biochar could reduce the salt ions in soil solution, increased the potassium-sodium ratio in the winter wheat seedlings and the potassium use efficiency of the wheat seedlings, and increased the seedling biomass of winter wheat;The salt reduction and the incremental effect under the addition of 4 g/kg biochar use was the most obvious. Compared with CK, the Na+in soil solution decreased by 9.43%, the K/Na and potassium use efficiency of seedlings increased by 56.80% and 25.48%, respectively, and the biomass of wheat seedling increased by 15.72%.【Conclusion】Biochar application can promote the increase of biomass by holding Na+in soil solution and increasing K/Na and potassium utilization of winter wheat seedlings. The research can provide a theoretical basis for the process mechanism of biochar for salt reduction and fertilization, increase efficiency and increase yield, and provide preliminary guidance for the feasibility of biochar for salinized soil improvement.

关 键 词：离子固持率 钾钠比 钾素利用率 麦苗生物量 芦苇炭 

分 类 号：S512.11[农业科学—作物学]