“AM真菌-根系-土壤”耦合作用机制研究进展  

Advance on the mechanism of coupling interactions among AM fungi, roots and soils

作　　者：王邵军 李霁航 陆梅 张哲 李少辉 陈闽昆 曹润 WANG Shaojun;LI Jihang;LU Mei;ZHANG Zhe;LI Shaohui;CHEN Minkun;CAO Run(College of Ecology and Soil&Water Conservation,Southwest Forestry University,Kunming 650224,Yunnan,China)

机构地区：[1]西南林业大学生态与水土保持学院

出　　处：《中南林业科技大学学报》2019年第12期1-9,共9页Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology

基　　金：国家林业局“948”项目(2015-4-39);云南省教育厅项目(2017YJS089);国家自然科学基金项目(31660191,41461052)

摘　　要：丛枝菌根(Arbuscular mycorrhiza,AM)真菌,能够与大多数高等植物根系形成有益共生体,调控退化生态系统的恢复与重建。文中综述国内外有关“AM真菌-根系-土壤”之间耦合的主要研究成果,揭示AM真菌调控植物生长与土壤修复的微生物机制,并展望AM菌根研究与应用的未来方向,旨在为退化生态系统恢复重建提供新的理论视角。“AM真菌-根系”界面上的耦合,主要通过菌丝桥的形成,促进植物水、碳、氮及磷等物质的代谢过程,调控植物激素分泌、抗旱性、耐盐性、抗病性等生理生化过程,从而促进植物生长、调节同种或异种植物之间的竞争以及促进植物群落的演替与恢复;“AM真菌-土壤”界面上的耦合,能够促进土壤团聚体形成、球囊霉素蛋白分泌以及增加土壤有机养分,改良土壤理化性质及活化土壤养分,调控土壤生物生态学过程,从而促进植物生长。因此,“AM真菌-根系-土壤-植物”之间形成的耦合作用,主要通过菌丝桥形成直接或间接地调控植物的物质代谢、抗性、种间和种内竞争以及土壤理化状况,并促进生态系统的物质循环与能量流动,进而调控植物生长及植被恢复与演替。Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AM)can form beneficial symbioses with advanced plant roots,and then regulate the restoration and reestablishment of degraded ecosystems.In this study,the domestic and overseas results about coupling among AM fungi,plants and soils were summarized,the mechanisms of microbial ecology for promoting plant development and soil remediation was identified.The coupling effect of AM fungi-root-soil on plant growth and soil restoration was summarized to provide new theoretical perspective and practice for the restoration and reconstruction of degraded ecosystems.AM fungi and roots interactions regulate plant development,mainly through promoting the metabolism processes of water,carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus by formation of mycelium bridge,and through regulating the secretion of plant hormones,and the resistances of drought,salt,and disease.The interaction can also promote the ecological recovery of vegetation community,regulating the competition among the same or different plant species through mycelium bridge.The coupling roles of AM fungi and soils can increase plant growth,mainly through promoting the aggregate formation,the secreting of glomalin protein,and the increase in soil organic nutrients,and through improving soil physicochemical properties,stirring soil nutrients,and participating in soil biological and ecological processes.It was concluded that the coupling roles among AM fungi,roots and soils can directly or indirectly regulate plant metabolism,resistance,interspecific and intraspecific competition,and soil properties through formation of mycelial bridge.The interaction can also promote the material circulation and energy flows in ecosystems,thereby affecting plant growth and the restorations of plants and soils.

关 键 词：AM真菌 菌丝桥 植物生长 土壤修复 植被恢复 

分 类 号：S718.81[农业科学—林学] Q939.96[生物学—微生物学]