气候变化情景下青藏高原物候研究的若干进展  

Changes in phenology in the Tibetan Plateau under climate change

作　　者：韩炳宏 孔祥萍[2] 周秉荣[1,3] 石明明 赵恒和[2] 牛得草[4] 傅华[4] HAN Binghong;KONG Xiangping;ZHOU Bingrong;SHI Mingming;ZHAO Henghe;NIU Decao;FU Hua(Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation of Qinghai Province,Xining 810001,Qinghai,China;Meteorological bureau of Hainan Tibetan autonomous prefecture,Gonghe 813099,Qinghai,China;Institute of Meteorological Science of Qinghai Province,Xining 810001,Qinghai,China;State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystem/College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730020,Gansu,China)

机构地区：[1]青海省防灾减灾重点实验室,青海西宁810001 [2]青海省海南州气象局,青海共和813099 [3]青海省气象科学研究所,青海西宁810001 [4]草地农业生态系统国家重点实验室/兰州大学草地农业科技学院,甘肃兰州730020

出　　处：《草业科学》2019年第11期2786-2795,共10页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2016YFC0501903)

摘　　要：物候被认为是气候变化最敏感、最易观测的自然指标之一。自1980年以来,青藏高原气候变暖显著改变了生态环境,随着环境条件的改变,青藏高原物候变化呈现出较大的时空异质性。整体来看,青藏高原的物候初始期变化总体表现为返青期和初花期提前、枯黄期推迟的趋势,而果实期则保持相对稳定;青藏高原的物候变化主要受温度、水分和放牧的驱动,暖湿化和适度放牧有利于植物提前或延长物候期,而暖干化则延迟或缩短物候期。物候变化对植物种群、群落、生态系统结构与功能等都会产生显著的影响。然而,目前青藏高原植物物候研究仍然十分缺乏,尤其是物候变化对生态系统结构和功能的影响研究更少。综合分析认为,在未来的研究中应该尽可能从生理尺度到生态系统尺度的不同视角来研究气候变化对物候响应策略的影响以及物候变化对生态系统结构和功能的反馈机制。Phenology is expected to be one of the most sensitive and easily observable natural indicators of climate change.Accelerated warming of the Tibetan Plateau(TP)since the mid-1980 s has resulted in significant environmental changes.These new conditions are accompanied by phenological changes that are characterized by considerable spatiotemporal heterogeneity.The impacts of climate change and human activity on phenology were significant in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau;accelerated warming and optimal grazing advanced the timings of green-up and flowering but it delayed the end date of senescence.However,the timing of fruiting was relatively stable compared with that of the other phenophases.These changes were mainly caused by changes in temperature,moisture,and grazing.Warming and excessive rainfall and moderate grazing contributed to advanced and long phenophases,whereas warming and drought led to delayed and shortened phenophases.The changes in phenophases had significant influences on the structure and function of population,community,and ecosystem.However,currently,there are few studies on phenology,especially effects of changes in phenology on the structure and function of the ecosystem of the Tibetan plateau.Therefore,we need to pay more attention to effects of climate change on alpine plant phenological response from the physiological-level to ecosystem-level and to the feedback of phenology on the structure and function of ecosystems in the future.

关 键 词：青藏高原 气候变化 植物物候 时空异质性 

分 类 号：S812.1[农业科学—草业科学]