放牧对浑善达克沙地丘间低地植被群落及土壤的影响  

Effect of Grazing on Vegetation Community and Soil of Lowland in the Hunshandake Sandy Land

作　　者：詹瑾 李玉霖 韩丹 杨红玲 Zhan Jin;Li Yulin;Han Dan;Yang Hongling(Naiman Desertification Research Station,Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences y Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院奈曼沙漠化研究站,甘肃兰州730000 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《中国沙漠》2019年第6期184-191,共8页Journal of Desert Research

基　　金：内蒙古自治区科技计划资助项目(201601052);国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0500907)

摘　　要：为探究放牧对丘间低地植被群落及土壤的影响,分析了浑善达克沙地丘间低地在重度和轻度放牧下植被的地上生物量、物种重要值、物种丰富度、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数、Simpson生态优势度指数及0~10 cm土壤中黏粒、粉粒、砂粒、有机碳和全氮含量。结果表明:(1)植被地上生物量、土壤黏粒、粉粒、砂粒、土壤有机碳和全氮含量在不同放牧程度下存在极显著差异(P<0.01),物种丰富度、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Pielou均匀度指数在不同放牧程度下差异不显著(P>0.05),Simpson生态优势度指数在不同放牧程度下差异显著(P<0.05)。(2)放牧区植被以禾本科为主,禾本科植被地上生物量占整个植被群落的54.88%~57.76%;重度放牧区植被地上生物量为63.59 g·m-2,比轻度放牧区低26.61%。(3)羊草(Leymus chinensis)和狗尾草(Setaria viridis)是放牧区的优势种,其重要值依次为14.16%(重度放牧区)和19.10%(轻度放牧区)、13.40%(重度放牧区)和15.42%(轻度放牧区),重度放牧下雾滨藜(Bassia dasyphylla)、克氏针茅(Stipa krylovii)和猪毛蒿(Artemisia scoparia)的重要值较显著高于轻度放牧区,而羊草则低于轻度放牧区。(4)重度放牧加剧了土壤沙漠化,使砂粒含量增加,草地生产力下降,土壤有机碳和全氮含量降低。To explore the effects of grazing on the vegetation communities and soils in the lowland. This study analyzed the above-ground biomass, important value of species,vegetation dominance, species richness, Shannon-Wiener diversity index, Pielou evenness index, Simpson ecological dominance index, 0-10 cm soil clay, soil silt, soil sand, soil organic carbon and total nitrogen content in the lowland between the Hunshandake Sandy Land. The results showed that:(1)above-ground biomass, soil clay, soil silt, soil sand, soil organic carbon and total nitrogen content were significantly different under different grazing levels(P<0.01), The difference of species richness, Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Pielou evenness index were not significant at different grazing levels(P>0.05), and the Simpson ecological dominance index was significantly different under different grazing levels(P<0.05).(2)The grazing area was dominated by Gramineae,the above-ground biomass of Gramineae vegetation accounts for 54.88%-57.76% of the whole vegetation community;the above-ground biomass of heavy grazing area was 63.59 g·m-2, which was 26.61% lower than the light grazing area.(3)Leymus chinensis and Setaria viridis were the dominant species in grazing areas, with important values corresponding to 14.16%(heavy grazing areas) and 19.10%(light grazing areas), 13.40%(severe grazing areas) and 15.42%(light grazing areas). The important values of heavy grazing under the Bassia dasyphylla、Stipa krylovii and Artemisia scoparia were significantly higher than those of light grazing, while L. chinensis was lower than the light grazing area.(4)Heavy grazing exacerbated soil desertification, increased sand content, decreased grassland productivity, and decreased soil organic carbon and total nitrogen content.

关 键 词：放牧 丘间低地 植被群落 土壤 浑善达克沙地 

分 类 号：S812[农业科学—草业科学]