洱海上覆水DOM荧光特征及对富营养化的指示意义  

Fluorescence Characteristics of DOM in Overlying Water of Erhai Lake and Its Indication of Eutrophication

作　　者：赵海超[2,3] 李艳平[3] 王圣瑞[1,3] 焦立新[3] 张莉[3] ZHAO Hai-chao;LI Yan-ping;WANG Sheng-rui;JIAO Li-xin;ZHANG Li(College of Water Sciences,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China;College of Agricultural Science,Hebei North University,Zhangjiakou 075131,China;National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Water Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration Technology,Research Center of Lake Eco-Environment,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012,China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学水科学研究院,北京100875 [2]河北北方学院,河北张家口075131 [3]中国环境科学研究院湖泊创新基地,湖泊水污染治理与生态修复技术国家工程实验室,北京100012

出　　处：《光谱学与光谱分析》2019年第12期3888-3896,共9页Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis

基　　金：国家高层次人才特殊支持计划项目(“万人计划”,2012002001);国家水专项“十二五”课题(2012ZX07105-004)资助

摘　　要：湖泊溶解性有机物(DOM)组成特征对水质具有重要的影响,研究上覆水DOM组成特征对指示湖泊富营养化现状具有重要意义。采用荧光光谱区域体积积分分析法(FRI)定量分析洱海上覆水DOM组分时空变化,以及DOM组分与水质因子间的关系,对比分析不同来源入湖水体、不同富营养化程度高原湖泊上覆水DOM组分荧光特征。结果表明,洱海上覆水体DOM主要以类腐殖酸为主,其次为类富里酸,洱海DOM总量及类腐殖酸组分中部较高,色氨酸和络氨酸等类蛋白质DOM南部较高,类富里酸DOM北部较高。藻华易发期(10月)类蛋白质和类富里酸DOM较低,类腐殖酸DOM显著增加,DOM生物源降低,DOM生物活性降低。洱海沉积物内源释放和入湖河流主要影响上覆水中类腐殖酸DOM,湿沉降主要增加类蛋白质DOM。在湖泊贫营养阶段类富里酸DOM对水质影响较大,在富营养阶段类腐殖酸DOM对水质影响较大。随着湖泊富营养化程度的加剧,上覆水类蛋白质和类富里酸DOM所占比例呈下降趋势,微生物降解产物和类腐殖酸DOM所占比例呈增加趋势。DOM荧光组分占比变化对湖泊富营养化具有指示作用。The composition characteristics of dissolved organic matter(DOM)have an important effect on water quality.The study on the composition characteristics of DOM in overlying water is the great significance to the indication of the lake eutrophication status.The temporal and spatial changes of DOM components in overlying water of Erhai Lake,and the relationship between DOM components and water quality factors were quantitatively analyzed by fluorescence spectroscopy regional volume integral analysis(FRI).The fluorescence characteristics of DOM components in the different source water bodies and different eutrophication levels of plateau lakes were compared and analyzed.The results showed that humic acid was the main type of DOM in overlying water of Erhai Lake,followed by fulvic acid.The contents of DOM and humic acid were higher in the middle of Erhai Lake.Tryptophan and tyrosine and other protein-like DOM were higher in the south,and a higher level of the fulvic acid DOM was in the north.During the Algal Bloom(in October),the protein DOM and the fulvic acid DOM were lower and the humic acid DOM significantly increased,and biological source DOM and biological activity of DOM decreased.The endogenous release of sediments in the Erhai Lake and its inflow rivers mainly affected the humic acid DOM in overlying water,and then the wet deposition mainly increased the protein-like DOM.During the poor nutrition stage,the fulvic acid DOM had greater impact on water quality,and in the eutrophic stage,the humic acid DOM had a great influence on water quality.Following the increase of the lake eutrophication,the proportion of the protein-like DOM and fulvic acid DOM decreased in overlying water,and then the proportion of microbial degradation products and the humic acid DOM showed an increasing trend.The proportion change of fluorescent components in DOM had an indication of the lake.

关 键 词：DOM 洱海 荧光特征 富营养化指示作用 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程]