丝路视域下8—10世纪敦煌民族交融与文化互鉴——从敦煌古藏文占卜文书谈河西民众社会生活  

Dunhuang EthnicIntegration and Mutual Cultural Learning in 8th-10th Centuries from the Perspective of the Silk Road——On People’s Social Life in Hexi District on Ancient Tibetan Divination Books Unearthed in Dunhuang

作　　者：王东[1,2] Wang Dong(Institute of Dunhuang Documents,Dunhuang Academy,Lanzhou 730000,Gansu;School of History and Culture,Northwest Minzu University,Lanzhou 730030,Gansu)

机构地区：[1]敦煌研究院敦煌文献研究所 [2]西北民族大学历史文化学院

出　　处：《西北民族大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2019年第6期14-24,共11页Journal of Northwest Minzu University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“法藏敦煌汉文非佛经吐蕃文献整理与研究”(项目编号：19BZS014);甘肃省文物保护科学和技术研究项目“唐宋之际吐蕃与西北社会格局重构研究”(项目编号：GWJ201802);敦煌研究院院级青年课题“吐蕃王朝施政理念相关问题研究”(项目编号：2017-SK-QN-3);西北民族大学“一优三特”学科中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金重大项目“公元8至10世纪河陇社会变迁与吐蕃关系研究”(项目编号：31920170100);“财富思想与吐蕃政治生态关系研究——以出土文献为中心”(项目编号：31920170109)

摘　　要：唐宋之际,诸多民族汇集交融于敦煌河西地区,多方政治势力交织,地域政治主导权或丝路经济控制权在粟特、吐蕃、回鹘、汉族等民族中交替或并存,为这一时期敦煌民族交融和文化互鉴奠定了基础,影响到了河陇地区,乃至西北社会文化的变迁与重构。吐蕃长期占领河陇西域地区,敦煌吐鲁番出土文书中大量内容涉及吐蕃日常社会生活,自殷商时期就已存在的占卜习俗,成为唐宋时期河西,乃至丝绸之路诸民族文化互鉴的媒介。敦煌文献IOL Tib J 740(Ch.9.Ⅱ.19)号占卜文本内容比较完整,是吐蕃占卜文献中最具典型性的文书之一,内容涉及占卜财运、婚姻、子息、权势、家产、经商、诉讼、军功等诸多方面,是河西社会各阶层民众生存状态的真实体现,表达了各阶层民众为争夺生存时空权的努力与欲望,也推动了河西地区民族间的交融。At the turn of Tang and Song dynasties,many ethnic groups had inhabited in Dunhuang and Hexi,many political powers mingled there,political dominance of the region and the control of the Silk Road hadbeen respectively in the hands of Sogdiana,Tubo,Huihu and Han nationality.All these had laid foundation for ethnic integration and mutual cultural learning in Dunhuang during this period,had left great influence upon Helong area,and even the evolution and reconstruction of society and culture in northwest China.Tubo had occupied Helong area for long.Many texts unearthed in Dunhuang and Tulufan are about social life of Tubo,divination customs handed down from Shang Dynasty,and they had become the medium of mutual cultural learning of all ethnic groups in Hexi in Tang and Song dynasties and along the Silk Road.Being comparatively complete in divination contents,Dunhuang document IOL Tib J 740(Ch.9.Ⅱ.19)is one of the representative texts of Tubo documents,and its contents cover many aspects such as divination of one’s wealth,marriage,offspring,power,family property,business,lawsuits,military awards,etc.This document has truthfully embodied the living conditions of all classes in Hexi area,expressed the efforts and desire of these people for survival rights of space and time,and also promoted the ethnic integration in Hexi area.

关 键 词：丝绸之路 民族融合 敦煌文献 占卜 河西民众生活 

分 类 号：K870.6[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]