面向环境非确定性的信息物理融合系统测试技术研究  

Software testing for cyber-physical systems suffering uncertainty

作　　者：秦逸 许畅 陈紫琦 吕建[1] Yi QIN;Chang XU;Ziqi CHEN;Jian LU(State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology,Department of Computer Sicence and Technology,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210093,China)

机构地区：[1]南京大学计算机科学与技术系计算机软件新技术国家重点实验室

出　　处：《中国科学：信息科学》2019年第11期1428-1450,共23页Scientia Sinica(Informationis)

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(批准号:2017YFB1001801);国家自然科学基金(批准号:61932021,61902173);软件新技术与产业化协同创新中心(江苏)资助项目

摘　　要：信息物理融合系统(cyber-physical system,CPS)是“人-机-物”三元融合模式背景下新型软件基础设施的重要一环.为了处理不断涌现的新环境、新模式和新平台,CPS软件必须具备一定质量保障水平的可成长和可持续演化能力.然而CPS软件在与环境交互过程中所必然面对的环境非确定性给CPS软件的质量保障带来了新的挑战.本文深入分析了环境非确定性中的感知非确定性和规约非确定性分别给软件测试研究带来的挑战.为了应对这些挑战,提出了一个迭代式的研究框架,用于有效测试受环境非确定性影响的CPS软件.基于该研究框架,介绍了现有CPS软件测试技术研究进展,并重点介绍了3种考虑环境非确定性的软件测试技术,分别解决CPS软件测试中的测试输入生成、测试预言生成和环境适应性评估问题.本文基于一个自适应自控小车的CPS软件实例,初步验证了所介绍方法测试CPS软件的有效性.Cyber-physical systems(CPS)represent an important part of the software infrastructure in the ternary human-cyber-physical universe.In this new era,the CPS software should be continually adapting and evolving.Such constantly-growing CPS software is capable of handling emerging software environments,developing models,and executing platforms.However,environmental uncertainty poses challenges to CPS testing.In this article,the challenges of CPS testing caused by environmental uncertainty are studied.A comprehensive analysis of the impact of environmental uncertainty on CPS testing is conducted,and a research framework for effective and efficient testing CPS is proposed.Based on the proposed framework,the state-of-the-art testing CPS software is discussed,and three testing techniques that address environmental uncertainty are introduced,including a test input generation approach(SIT),a test oracle generation approach(CoMID),and an environmental suitability evaluation approach(SynEva).The experiments are conducted using an illustrative self-adaptive robot car,and the obtained experimental results show that the three proposed approaches can provide effective CPS testing.

关 键 词：信息物理融合系统 软件测试 环境非确定性 测试输入生成 测试预言生成 环境适应性 评估 

分 类 号：TP3[自动化与计算机技术—计算机科学与技术]