人工智能的教学角色隐喻分析——以人工智能教育应用领域高影响力项目为例  

Instructional role metaphor of Artificial Intelligence Intelligence: the case of high-impact projects in Artificial Intelligence application in education

作　　者：张志祯[1] 张玲玲 徐雪迎 刘佳林 Zhizhen Zhang;Lingling Zhang;Xueying Xu;Jialin Liu

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学教育学部教育技术学院,100875 [2]北京开放大学国开业务部,100081

出　　处：《中国远程教育》2019年第11期24-37,57,93,共16页Chinese Journal of Distance Education

基　　金：2018年度教育部哲学社会科学研究重大攻关项目“世界主要国家教材建设研究”（项目编号：18JZD017）

摘　　要：能够自主"感知、理解、预测、行动"的人工智能是灵活强大的学习技术,在教与学过程中可以发挥多种作用。技术的灵活性为智能教学系统的设计和应用带来了挑战。合理的功能定位是人工智能技术发挥作用的前提,对其教学角色隐喻的分析对于智能教学系统的研究与利用有指导作用。本研究选择人工智能教育应用领域的高影响力项目开展了案例研究。案例研究表明,人工智能的教学角色隐喻主要有辅导者、教练、评价者、协调者、联通者、同伴和学生七种。从历史发展与现状来看,占优势的为教练、评价者和辅导者等教师隐喻。从教学的完整过程看,人工智能尚无法比肩人类教师,但在"行动中"其表现并不逊色于人类个体,在很多情况下各有千秋。受限于自然语言处理技术在语义处理上的裹足不前,辅导者还难以像人类教师一样与学习者开展连续的自然语言对话,但教练、评价者、协调者、联通者、学生和同伴则更充分地利用了计算机的多媒体与网络数据计算、存储、交互能力,能够提供人类教师难以或无法提供的学习经验。未来,人工智能的教学角色隐喻将继续演化,呈现出分化与整合、从支持"学"到"学教"并重的总体趋势;智能教学系统中文化因素的作用将日益显性化;将更重视与学习者建立与维持长期关系;人工智能将促进学习环境的虚实融合,提高学习环境的适应性。Artificial Intelligence(AI), being able to "perceive, understand, predict and act" autonomously, is a flexible and powerful learning technology that can greatly accommodate teaching and learning. The flexibility of the technology, the rationality of the functions and the metaphorical role of AI exert significant impact upon the research and implementation of intelligent teaching systems. This study focuses on highimpact projects in AI application in education. The results show that there are seven metaphorical instructional roles of AI: tutor, coach, assessor, coordinator, connector, peer and learner. Currently, the roles of the tutor, the coach and the assessor are more obvious. In terms of the whole teaching and learning process, AI is not comparable to human teachers, but in some"action", AI performance is not inferior to the human individual. Hindered by slow development of semantic processing in natural language processing technology, the tutor role is still difficult to engage in continuous natural dialogue with learners like human teachers, but the other six roles can make fuller use of the computer’s multimedia and network data computing, storage, and interaction capabilities, providing unmatchable learning experience. Future developmental trends are suggested for instructional role metaphor of AI.

关 键 词：人工智能教育应用 智能辅导系统 计算机支持的合作学习 教学代理 高影响力项目 教学角色 案例研究 

分 类 号：G420[文化科学—课程与教学论]