枸杞采收方法对比试验与分析  

Comparative test and analysis on the harvesting methods of Lycium barbarum fruit

作　　者：宋志禹 梅松 肖宏儒 石志刚[2] 王金鹏 赵映 丁文芹 Song Zhiyu;Mei Song;Xiao Hongru;Shi Zhigang;Wang Jinpeng;Zhao Ying;Ding Wenqin(Nanjing Institute of Agricultural Mechanization,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Nanjing,210014,China;Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Yinchuan,750002,China)

机构地区：[1]农业农村部南京农业机械化研究所,南京市210014 [2]宁夏农林科学院,银川市750002

出　　处：《中国农机化学报》2019年第10期110-116,共7页Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0701503);宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划重大科技项目(nxzdkjxm2016—04—03);果蔬茶类收获机械创新工程

摘　　要：为大型枸杞采收技术装备研发提供关键采摘技术支撑,首先探寻枸杞采摘方法的采摘效果,选取振动、气力、辊刷和剪切枸杞采收方法开展研究,设计相关试验装置;其次制定各装置的试验方案,开展枸杞采收效果试验,最终试验结果表明:往复高频振动采收枸杞损伤率为5%~9%,采净率85%~95%,高频振动频率控制在33~38.3 Hz,采收效果较好;击振采收损伤率9%~40%,采净率50%~70%,插齿形状击振头采收效果较好;正压紊流采收枸杞损伤率为4%~13%,对气压要求高;负压采收损伤率为6%~15%,采净率90%~100%,斜推结合负压采摘效果较好;辊刷采收损伤率为4%~16%;剪切采收损伤率可忽略,易误采,采收难度大。综上所述,往复高频振动、击振和正压紊流方法可应用于大型枸杞采收装备的研发。To provide key harvesting technology support for the research and development of large-scale Lycium barbarum harvesting technology and equipment. In this paper, firstly, vibration, pneumatic, roll brush and shearing methods of Lycium barbarum harvesting are selected. Then, the related test equipment is designed. Next, the test scheme for these test equipment is formulated, the harvesting effect test of Lycium barbarum was carried out. The results show that the damage rate of Lycium barbarum harvested by reciprocating high frequency vibration is between 5% and 9%, the net recovery rate is between 85% and 95%, and the high frequency vibration frequency is between 33 Hz and 38.3 Hz,harvesting effect is so good. The damage rate of vibroflotation is 9%~40%, the net recovery rate is 50%~70%, and the effect of shaping vibration head is better. The damage rate of Lycium barbarum harvested by barotropic turbulence is between 4% and 13%, which requires high pressure. The damage rate of Lycium barbarum harvested by negative pressure method is between 6% and 15%, and the net recovery rate is 90%~100%, the oblique thrust combined with negative pressure extraction has a better effect;the damage rate of roller brush harvest method is between 4%~16%. The shear harvesting for the damage rate can be neglected, which is easy to be mistaken and difficult to harvest. Finally, vibration and pneumatic harvesting methods can provide important reference for the research and development of self-propelled Lycium barbarum continuous harvesting equipment. In conclusion, the reciprocating high frequency vibration, shock vibration and barotropic turbulence methods can be applied to the research and development of large-scale Lycium barbarum harvesting equipment.

关 键 词：枸杞采收 负压 往复振动 击振 辊刷 剪切 

分 类 号：S225.1[农业科学—农业机械化工程] S-3[农业科学—农业工程]