2010-2017年全国血吸虫病疫情分析  

Endemic situation of schistosomiasis in People’s Republic of China from 2010 to 2017

作　　者：曹淳力[1] 张利娟[1] 鲍子平[1] 戴思敏 吕山[1] 许静[1] 李石柱[1] 周晓农[1] CAO Chun-Li;ZHANG Li-Juan;BAO Zi-Ping;DAI Si-Min;Lü Shan;XU Jing;LI Shi-Zhu;ZHOU Xiao-Nong(National Institute of Parasitic Diseases,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention/WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases/Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology,National Health Commission,Shanghai 200025,China)

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心寄生虫病预防控制所世界卫生组织热带病合作中心国家卫生健康委员会寄生虫病原与媒介生物学重点实验室

出　　处：《中国血吸虫病防治杂志》2019年第5期519-521,554,共4页Chinese Journal of Schistosomiasis Control

基　　金：国家自然科学基金（81101280、81660557）;国家科技重大专项（2016ZX10004222-004、2012ZX10004220、2012ZX10004-201）;国家科技支撑计划（2016YFC1202005）;上海市公共卫生三年行动计划项目（GWIV-29);China-UK Global Health Support Programme(GHSP)

摘　　要：目的分析2010–2017年全国血吸虫病疫情,掌握血吸虫病流行趋势,为制定消除血吸虫病措施提供科学依据。方法收集2010–2017年全国血吸虫病疫情和防治工作资料,对历年疫情进行描述性分析。结果2010–2017年,全国推算血吸虫病病人数逐年下降,降幅为88.46%;共报告急性血吸虫病病例71例,以散发为主,其中有12.68%(9/71)为输入性病例。流行区存栏耕牛数量减少50.09%,累计查出血吸虫感染耕牛17239头;耕牛平均粪检阳性率从1.04%下降至0.00022%。全国实有钉螺面积373596.18~363068.95 hm^2,每年新发现有螺面积46.71~1346.73 hm^2;2012年和2013年分别报告感染性钉螺分布面积171.68 hm^2和9.25 hm^2。在7个流行省份的72个重点水域开展哨鼠监测显示,2010年和2016年分别发现17个和6个水体血吸虫阳性点;其他风险监测点也分别发现了感染血吸虫的耕牛、犬、野鼠,以及在有螺地带放牧、野便等与血吸虫病传播有关的高风险因素。结论全国血吸虫病疫情整体显著下降,已处于较低流行水平;但流行环境因素尚未彻底消除,依然存在血吸虫病传播的风险。应继续加强传染源防控,加强健康教育,控制重点环境钉螺,完善监测预警和响应机制,推进全国消除血吸虫病进程。Objective To understand the epidemic trend of schistosomiasis in China from 2010 to 2017 so as to provide the scientific evidence for schistosomiasis elimination.Methods The information of schistosomiasis control nationwide from 2010 to 2017 was collected,including the endemic of population,status of livestock control,and Oncomelania hupensis snail control.Microsoft Excel was applied for datum management and analysis.Results From 2010 to 2017,the epidemic of schistosomiasis in China dropped significantly.The decreasing amplitude of estimated number of patients nationwide was 88.46%.Seventy-one acute schistosomiasis patients were reported and 12.68%(9/71)of them were imported.The decreasing rate of cultivated cattle was 50.09%,and the accumulative number of schistosome-infected cattle was 17239,and the average positive rate of stool examinations decreased from 1.04%to 0.00022%.The area with snails nationwide was 373596.18 to 363068.95 hm^2,and the new detected area with snails was 46.71 to 1346.73 hm^2.The area with schistosome-infected snails was 171.68 hm^2 in 2012 and it was 9.25 hm^2 in 2013.In 72 key monitoring points of 7 endemic provinces,there were 17 schistosome positive points of water body in 2010 and 6 points in 2016.There were some high risk-factors related to schistosomiasis transmission including schistosome-infected cattle,dogs,and field rats,and the field stools,and the pasture in the area with snails in schistosomiasis monitoring points.Conclusions The endemic status of schistosomiasis in China has dropped significantly,and the transmission level is very low.However,the infectious source and risk factors in the endemic environments have not be eliminated.Therefore,the infectious source control,health education,snail control,and transmission monitoring should be strengthened,so as to promote the progress of schistosomiasis elimination.

关 键 词：血吸虫病 钉螺 疫情 传播风险 中国 

分 类 号：R532.21[医药卫生—内科学]